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Aspect Ratio and Active Format Description How do we make it all fit
содержание презентации «Aspect Ratio and Active Format Description How do we make it all fit.ppt»| Сл | Текст | Сл | Текст |
| 1 | Aspect Ratio and Active Format | 21 | Stations Up Convert primarily 4:3 with |
| Description How do we make it all fit? San | side panels and Down Convert by Center | ||
| Francisco Public Television Quality | Cutting or Letterboxing. 21. | ||
| Workshop. 1. | 22 | Full Screen 16:9. 22. | |
| 2 | Aspect Ratio. Television Aspect Ratio | 23 | Anamorphic 4:3. 23. |
| Defined: Ratio of the width of an image to | 24 | Anamorphic. Full 16:9 “squashed” into | |
| its height. HD Screens are 16:9. SD | a 4:3 frame. Unacceptable method of | ||
| Screens are 4:3. Programming is ????. | distributing HD material. Unacceptable as | ||
| 16:9, 4:3, 15:9, 14:9, 1.85:1, 2.39:1 etc. | a distribution format. 24. | ||
| 2. | 25 | Anamorphic. Anamorphic programming | |
| 3 | How do we make it all fit? We must | must be up converted to 16:9 HD then | |
| deal with two display sizes 16:9 and 4:3. | distributed. Distributor up converts once | ||
| 16:9 Sets have over 50% household | as opposed to stations each having to deal | ||
| Penetration. Number of TV sets in the | with an additional format. 25. | ||
| average U.S. household: 2.86. Percentage | 26 | Down Converting. We don’t have to, | |
| of U.S. homes with three or more TV sets: | ATSC is 16X9 HD ! Some stations are still | ||
| 54. 3. | SD only. 50 % of our viewers are still SD. | ||
| 4 | How do we make it all fit? There are | Most HD households still have 2nd and 3rd | |
| two programming sizes 16:9 and 4:3. Treat | SD sets. 26. | ||
| all widescreen as 16:9 unless we wish to | 27 | Active Format Description - AFD. A | |
| side crop other formats such as 15:9, | four bit code to define the active and | ||
| 14:9, 1.85:1 2.39:1 etc. 4. | protected image area. Intended to guide | ||
| 5 | 4:3 Image in a 4:3 Display. 5. | receivers and set-top boxes to optimize | |
| 6 | 16:9 Image in a 16:9 Display. 6. | the displayed image. Very few ATSC | |
| 7 | But…How do we make it all fit? 4:3 SD | receivers and consumer decoders act on | |
| up converted to HD Fills the height of the | AFD. 27. | ||
| 16:9 frame but leaves blank “pillar boxes” | 28 | Active Format Description - AFD. May | |
| on the sides. Not a real problem if | also be used for format conversion | ||
| original quality is high. 7. | signaling in the post and pre-broadcast | ||
| 8 | 4:3 Image in a 16:9 Frame. 8. | chain. 28. | |
| 9 | But…How do we make it all fit? 16:9 HD | 29 | AFD Codes. There are 16 AFD Codes. |
| Down Converted to 4:3 Fills the width of a | Realistically only four will be used. 1000 | ||
| 4:3 frame but leaves blank spaces on Top | – Full Frame into 16:9 Letterbox. 1001 – | ||
| and Bottom. “Letterboxed” Not perfect for | 16:9 Center Cut into 4:3 Pillarbox. 1010 – | ||
| 4:3 but may be acceptable. 9. | 16:9 Into 4:3 Protected Letterbox 1111 | ||
| 10 | 16:9 Image “Letterboxed” in 4:3 Frame. | –16:9 image with alternate 4:3 center | |
| 10. | 14:9, 15:9, 2.35 etc. treat as 16:9. 29. | ||
| 11 | But…How do we make it all fit? 16:9 HD | 30 | 1000 – Full Frame into 16:9 Letterbox. |
| can also be “Center Cut” Down Converted to | Letter-box 16:9 into 4:3 scan. As the | ||
| 4:3. This fills the height and width of a | coded frame. 30. | ||
| 4:3 frame but omits material on the left | 31 | 1001 – 16:9 Center Cut into 4:3 | |
| and right of the original image. 11. | Pillar-box. Center cut-out 4:3 from 16:9. | ||
| 12 | 16:9 Image. 12. | 4:3 (center). 31. | |
| 13 | 16:9 Center Cut in 4:3 Frame. 13. | 32 | 1010 – 16:9 Into 4:3 Protected |
| 14 | However….. Center Cut is only feasible | Letterbox. Letter-box 16:9 into 4:3 scan. | |
| if all active elements and graphics are | 16:9 (center). 32. | ||
| maintained in the 4:3 center of the 16:9 | 33 | 1111 –16:9 image with alternate 4:3 | |
| image. 14. | center. 16:9 (with shoot & protect 4:3 | ||
| 15 | 16:9 Image in a 16:9 Display. 15. | centre). Centre cut-out 4:3 from 16:9. 33. | |
| 16 | 16:9 Image Center cut Artifacting. 16. | 34 | Consumer Issues. 34. |
| 17 | Worst Case. Letterbox up converted to | 35 | Consumer Issues. Broadcasters cannot |
| 16:9 as a 4:3. Then down converted using a | rely on consumers to maintain aspect. AFD | ||
| 16:9 to 4:3 down converter. “Postage | is not widely implemented on consumer | ||
| Stamp”. 17. | devices. 35. | ||
| 18 | 16:9 Image in a 4:3 Display. 18. | 36 | So What do we do? Implement AFD. |
| 19 | Up Converted to 16:9 as 4:3. 19. | Discuss with Cable and Satellite providers | |
| 20 | Down converted 4:3 Letterbox. 20. | to Implement AFD on their SD Down convert. | |
| 21 | What is the proper way to do this? | Produce when appropriate 16X9 Center cut | |
| There is no incorrect method. Commercial | safe material. If necessary up convert | ||
| Networks Up Convert 4:3 with side panels. | Letterbox to 16X9 Full frame. 36. | ||
| Down Convert 16:9 by Center Cut. PBS | 37 | Questions? / Comments. 37. | |
| Aspect Ratio and Active Format Description How do we make it all fit.ppt | |||
Aspect Ratio and Active Format Description How do we make it all fit
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