Chicagos Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide

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Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide	Chicagos Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide	Chicagos Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide	Chicago recommends you: print on standard-sized paper (8	Title is centered one-third of the way down the page and written in
Number the first text page as page number 1. Type all text				Center the title, “Bibliography,” at the top of the page
The 3-em dash (—) should be used to replace authors or editors’ names	In-Text Citations: Each time a source is used in the text, it must be	In-Text Citations: Each time a source is used in the text, it must be	Formatting notes: Place note numbers at the end of the clause or	The first line of a footnote is indented
“Ibid	“Ibid	A prose quotation of five or more lines should be “blocked	Chicago has an optional system of five heading levels	Here is an example of the five-level heading system:

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Chicagos Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide

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Сл	Текст	Сл	Текст
1	Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography	20	replace authors or editors’ names who hold
	Formatting and Style Guide. Brought to you		multiple, successive entries in a
	by the Purdue Online Writing Lab.		bibliography.
2		21	DOIs: For electronic journal articles
3	Chicago regulates: Stylistics and		and other web sources, DOIs (Digital
	document format In-text citations (notes)		Object Identifiers) are preferred to URLs
	End-of-text citations (bibliography).		(Uniform resource Locators). -If you must
4	Already familiar with the 15th ed.		use a URL, look for the “stable” version
	Chicago Manual of Style? Here are some of		assigned by the journal. DOIs are to be
	the more significant changes: Titles that		prefaced with the letters “doi” and a
	end in question marks or exclamation marks		colon. EX: DOI: 10.1353/art.0.0020 While
	Dividing URLs over a line Names like iPod		DOIs are assigned to journal articles in
	Titles with quotations Punctuation of		any medium, you only need include a DOI
	foreign languages in an English context		when you accessed the electronic version
	Capitalization of “web” and “Internet”		of the source.
	Access dates Classical references Legal	22	No access date is required to be
	and public document references.		reported for electronic sources. -Access
5	“Regardless of the convention being		dates cannot be verified; therefore, only
	followed, the primary criterion of any		resort to using access dates when the date
	source citation is sufficient information		of publication is unavailable. If you
	either to lead readers directly to the		cannot ascertain the publication date of a
	sources consulted or, . . . to positively		printed work, use the abbreviation “n.d.”.
	identify the sources used . . . ” (The	23	In-Text Citations: Each time a source
	University of Chicago 2010, 655). “Your		is used in the text, it must be cited by
	instructor, department, or university may		note: footnote or endnote. Footnotes
	have guidelines that differ from the		appear at the foot (bottom) of the page
	advice offered here. If so, those		and are preferred. Endnotes appear at the
	guidelines take precedence” (Turabian		end of the paper before the bibliography.
	2007, 374).		(Endnotes are useful when footnotes have
6	Direct quotations should: Be		become exorbitant.).
	integrated into your text in a	24	In-Text Citations: A combination of
	grammatically correct manner; Use square		footnotes and endnotes and even
	brackets ([ ]), when necessary, to add		author-date style can be used: Use
	clarifying words, phrases, or punctuation;		footnotes for substantive commentary and
	and Use “ellipses,” or three spaced		cite sources with endnotes. Use footnotes
	periods (. . .), to indicate the omission		for substantive commentary and cite
	of words from a quoted passage. Include		sources with author-date parenthetical
	additional punctuation when applicable.		style.
7	Emphasis: Italic type can be used for	25	Formatting notes: Place note numbers
	emphasis within a quote, but should only		at the end of the clause or sentence to
	be used so infrequently “We went last		which they refer. Place them after any and
	Sunday.” Do not use ALL CAPS for emphasis.		all punctuation except the dash. Begin
	When you use emphasis you must let your		note numbers with “1” and follow
	reader know the italics were not a part of		consecutively throughout the paper.
	the original quotation. “Emphasis added,”		Superscript note numbers in the text. In
	“emphasis mine,” “italics added,” or		the notes themselves, note numbers are
	“italics mine” are all acceptable.		full sized, not raised, and followed by a
8	“Sic” is italicized and put in square		period. Superscripting numbers in both
	brackets immediately after a word that is		places is also acceptable.
	misspelled or otherwise wrongly used in	26	The first line of a footnote is
	the original quotation. “We saw The		indented .5” from the left margin.
	Beetles [sic] on Ed Sullivan.” A colon		Subsequent lines within a note should be
	(formal) or a comma (informal) can be used		formatted flush left. Leave an extra line
	to introduce a direct quotation. Lucas has		space between notes.
	argued: “…” After several years, “…”.	27	A complete “note” citation for a book,
9	Quotations within quotations are		which corresponds to a slightly
	enclosed in single quotation marks. “The		differently formatted bibliography entry,
	so-called ‘butterfly effect’ is often…”		would look like this: 1. Jodi Dean,
	When the entire quotation is a quotation		Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies:
	within a quotation, only one set of double		Communicative Capitalism and Left Politics
	quotation marks is necessary. A title is		(Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 30.
	placed in quotes or italicized based on		Subsequent note citations can and should
	the type of work it is. Book and		be shortened “Shortening” usually
	periodical titles (titles of larger works)		comprises the author’s last name and a
	get italicized; article, chapter, and		“keyword” version of the work’s title in
	shorter work titles are enclosed in double		four or fewer words. Subsequent citations
	quotation marks. Through the Looking Glass		of Dean would be shortened to: 2. Dean,
	vs. “Jabberwocky”.		Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies,
10	Use headline-style capitalization for		30.
	titles in the text, notes, and	28	When an editor’s or translator’s name
	bibliography. Capitalize the first word of		appears in addition to an author’s, the
	the title and subtitle and all important		former appears after the latter in notes
	words, including proper nouns.		and in the bibliography. Bibliographic
	“Capitalization is Important: Know your		“Edited by” or “Translated by” should be
	Rules” Apply sentence-style capitalization		shortened to “ed.” and “trans.” in notes.
	by request. Follow the guidelines above		Plural forms, such as “eds.,” are never
	but exclude the important words that are		used. EX: 6. Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to
	not proper nouns. Otherwise, take a		the Question: What is Enlightenment?” in
	minimalist approach to capitalization.		Perpetual Peace and Other Essays, trans.
	Lowercase terms used to describe periods,		Ted Humphrey (1784; repr., Indianapolis:
	for example, except in the case of proper		Hackett, 1983), 41.
	nouns “the colonial period,” vs. “the	29	“Ibid.” is an abbreviation meaning “in
	Victorian era”.		the same place.” -Use it when the present
11	Chicago recommends you: print on		note repeats the information of the
	standard-sized paper (8.5” x 11”); use 1”–		immediately preceding note. - For example,
	1.5” margins on all sides; choose a		“Ibid., ##” indicates the same source but
	readable typeface (e.g., Times New Roman)		different page number(s). Aside from
	at no less than 10 pt. (preferably,12		“Ibid.,” Chicago style offers
	pt.); double-space text, with one space		cross-referencing for multiple notes with
	after punctuation between sentences; and		repeated content (especially for longer,
	number pages beginning with Arabic numeral		discursive notes).
	1 on the first page of text.	30	When a note contains both source
12	Title is centered one-third of the way		documentation and commentary, the latter
	down the page and written in ALL CAPS.		should follow the former. Citation and
	Name + course + date follows several lines		commentary are usually separated by a
	later, also centered. No page numbers on		period, but such comments as “emphasis
	the title page!		added” are usually enclosed in
13	Number the first text page as page		parentheses. Discursive or “substantive”
	number 1. Type all text double-spaced (no		notes comment upon the text and need not
	break between sections). Identify the		necessarily include citations. EX: 75.
	sources you use in the paper in footnotes		Lisa Ede and Andrea A. Lunsford,
	and in the bibliography. Format tables and		“Collaboration and Concepts of
	figures.		Authorship,” PMLA 116, no. 2 (March 2001):
14	Center the title, “Bibliography,” at		354-69,
	the top of the page. Do not bold,		http://www.jstor.org/stable/463522. Ede
	italicize or enclose in quotation marks.		and Lunsford note that we all agree that
	Flush left the first line of the entry and		writing is inherently social, yet we still
	indent subsequent lines. Single-space		rely on individualistic praxis; we still
	reference entries internally. Double-space		ascribe to pedagogies that encourage the
	entries externally. Order entries		independent author producing concrete
	alphabetically by the authors’ last names.		(original, honest and “truthful”) works.
15	Notes-Bibliography Style: Used by	31	A prose quotation of five or more
	those in the humanities and some social		lines should be “blocked.” The block
	sciences. Requires footnotes and/or		quotation is singled-spaced and takes no
	endnotes to cite sources and/or provide		quotation marks, but you should leave an
	relevant commentary within the text (see		extra line space immediately before and
	later). Includes each source cited within		after. Indent the entire quotation .5”
	the text as an entry in the references		(the same as you would the start of a new
	page at the end of the paper.		paragraph).
16	Invert authors’ names—last name	32	Chicago has an optional system of five
	followed by first name—and alphabetize	32	heading levels.
	reference list entries by the last name of	33	Here is an example of the five-level
	the first author of each work. Ex.	33	heading system:
	Agamben, Giorgio Use headline-style	34	Position tables and figures after the
	capitalization for titles. Ex. A Tale of		paragraph in which they’re described. Cite
	Two Cities Italicize titles of longer		the source of table and figure information
	works such as books and journals. Put		with a “source line” at the bottom of the
	quotation marks around the titles of		table or figure. Source lines are
	shorter works such as journal articles or		introduced by the word Source(s), followed
	essays in edited collections. Ex. A Tale		by a colon, and end with a period. Cite a
	of Two Cities vs. “An Essay on Dickens’ A		source as you would for parenthetical
	Tale of Two Cities” Publishers’ names are		citation, minus the parentheses, and
	generally written out in full but may be		include full information in an entry on
	abbreviated. Ex. Purdue University Press		your References page. Acknowledge
	OR Purdue UP.		reproduced or adapted sources
17	When to Cite: Sources you consulted		appropriately (i.e., data adapted from ___
	but did not directly cite may or may not		).
	be included (consult your instructor).	35	Every table should have a number and
	Some sources are traditionally left out of		(a short and descriptive) title. Flush
	bibliographies, such as personal		left on the line above the table. Table 1.
	communications; however, it’s better to		Title without a terminal period Every
	ask permission than forgiveness (consult		figure should have a number and a caption.
	your instructor).		Flush left on the line below the figure.
18	The strategy below might be useful:		Figure 2. Caption with or without a
	Identify the type of source: Is it a book?		terminal period. Number tables and figures
	A journal article? A webpage? 2. Find a		separately, in the order you mention them
	sample of citing this type of source in		in the text. In the text, identify tables
	your textbook or in the OWL Chicago Guide:		and figures by number (“in figure 3”)
	http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource		rather than by location (“below”).
	717/01/ 3. “Mirror” the sample. 4. Make	36	The Purdue OWL
	sure the entries are listed in		http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource
	alphabetical order and that the subsequent		717/01/. Purdue Writing Lab @ HEAV 226
	lines are indented (Recall References:		Composition textbooks The University of
	Basics).		Chicago Press’s The Chicago Manual of
19	For multiple authors, use the		Style (16th ed.) Kate L. Turabian’s A
	conjunction “and,” not the ampersand		Manual for Writers of Research Papers,
	(&) symbol. For two to three authors		Theses, and Dissertations (7th ed.).
	or editors write out all names in the		Chicago’s website
	order they appear on the title page of the		http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.h
	source in both your notes and		ml.
	bibliography. For four to ten authors:	37	The End. Chicago’s Notes and
	-write out all names in the bibliography		Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide
	but use just the first author’s name and		AUTHOR: Jessica Clements Brought to you in
	“et al.” in the notes.		cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing
20	The 3-em dash (—) should be used to		Lab.
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