How to make good audio recordings in the field |
Тексты на английском | ||
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1 | How to make good audio recordings in | 22 | response directionality powering. S. |
the field? held January 2006 at the LSA | Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 22. | ||
meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico Sven | 23 | Microphone types. built-in mics only | |
Grawunder Max Planck Institute for | in case of emergency!!! bad quality | ||
evolutionary Anthropology, Dep. of | machine noise omni directional Dynamic | ||
Linguistics, Leipzig, Germany. | mics mic-mouth distance crucial | ||
2 | How to decide on what I need? What is | Self-powered electrets (condenser) mics | |
good? Everybody will tell you: “It depends | Rather than phantom powered condenser | ||
on… What do you want to do? What for? What | mics. S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 23. | ||
is the field (recording) situation like? | 24 | Frequency response. Frequency range. | |
What can You handle? How big is your | Directionality Omnidirectional (cartoid | ||
budget? S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 2. | charcteristic) Directional (hyperbolic | ||
3 | S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 3. | characteristic). S. Grawunder MPI EVA | |
4 | S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 4. | Leipzig. 24. | |
5 | Goals (purpose) Recorders Microphones | 25 | Microphone stands. On a tripod or |
(incl. wind shield) Setups Field situation | stand? On the table? In your hand? On the | ||
(recording environment). S. Grawunder MPI | speaker? Head mounted mic? S. Grawunder | ||
EVA Leipzig. 5. | MPI EVA Leipzig. 25. | ||
6 | Analysis. Transcription Annotation | 26 | 21 / 02 / 06. S. Grawunder MPI EVA |
Human hearing (20-18000Hz). Pitch | Leipzig. 26. | ||
Intensity Formant estimation VOT Voice | 27 | Mono or Stereo??? Mono Elicitation | |
Quality Common practice in acoustic | (One-to-one) 1 Speaker (+ close standing | ||
phonetic analysis (40-12000Hz). S. | interviewer). Stereo More than 1 Speaker | ||
Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 6. | Moving Speakers Music. S. Grawunder MPI | ||
7 | Why field recordings? language | EVA Leipzig. 27. | |
documentation (variety of linguistic | 28 | Mono. Stereo. Shure Beta 53 B. AKG | |
genres, incl. musical genres) | C100 S. Sony ECM-MS957. S. Grawunder MPI | ||
conversational analyses oral history. | EVA Leipzig. 28. | ||
specific elecitation of paradigms for a | 29 | windshields. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | |
decent number of speakers (morphosyntax, | Leipzig. 29. | ||
phonology, phonetics) Wordlists Narrative | 30 | Don’t ignore… Phantom power (48 Hz) | |
interview Short stories. S. Grawunder MPI | Electric circuit (55-60 Hz) Cable (kinks | ||
EVA Leipzig. 7. | and adapters) Cable shielding (microphone | ||
8 | Special in Endangered Language | cable, NOT monitor cable) Connections | |
Documentation Context. multiple speakers | (jacks, plugs etc.). S. Grawunder MPI EVA | ||
(varieties) multiple tasks for multiple | Leipzig. 30. | ||
purposes multipurpose recordings | 31 | Field conditions. | |
demonstration of the language in use | 32 | The 7 enemies of your equipment. Dust | |
demonstration of a paradigm basis for | Heat Humidity / Water Cold Hard | ||
transcription and annotation basis for | shaking/sudden motion/vibration Thieves | ||
acoustic analysis. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | Yourself. Insolate your devices! Watch the | ||
Leipzig. 8. | cables! Keep the equipment dry! Protect | ||
9 | Example 1. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | your devices!!! Watch or let watch! Take | |
Leipzig. 9. | save backups with you!!! S. Grawunder MPI | ||
10 | Field situation. Ambient noises | EVA Leipzig. 32. | |
(people, animals, natural sources, | 33 | Some Rules 1 (Time). Have a time | |
vehicles, machines etc.) Climate | buffer ? Expect that the recording (setup) | ||
(temperature range, humidity) Long | takes twice as long as in the lab Practice | ||
Distances (Transport) Energy supply | the record setup (microphone settings, | ||
Interacting in foreign languages (working | cable ports/jacks, recorder settings) | ||
language, contact language, elicited | Check “Recording Onset Time” (especially | ||
language). S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. | for Tape-Recorders of all types: MC, DAT, | ||
10. | DCC). S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 33. | ||
11 | Equipment. | 34 | Some Rules 2 (Equipment). Get to know |
12 | Recorders. Analog/Digital (costs, | your equipment before you go to the field | |
formats, media) Digital Formats (16bit | You don’t want to play with settings in a | ||
PCM, 22.05kHz, 44.1kHz, 48kHz) Quality | real situation Consider that the field | ||
(signal-to-noise ratio) Power Supply | session may be a ‘stressful’ situation You | ||
(accumulator / battery) Metering (details, | need to focus on your subject (plus | ||
delay, channel split) Media (costs, | Monitoring, Metering, Prompting paradigms, | ||
durability, long-lasting). S. Grawunder | Making notes, …). S. Grawunder MPI EVA | ||
MPI EVA Leipzig. 12. | Leipzig. 34. | ||
13 | Barely acceptable to acceptable. | 35 | Some Rules 3 (Supply). Make sure that |
Barely acceptable (but not recommendable) | you never run out of Power (Batteries)! | ||
Micro cassettes via Dictaphone. Acceptable | Accumulators Solar panel for recharging? | ||
(but not recommendable) IPod PC/Mac Laptop | Make sure that you never run out of | ||
internal soundcard dv-camera tone (ext. | storage (Cassetes, Cards, etc.)! Consider | ||
mic). S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 13. | a ratio of 5:1. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | ||
14 | Good to Very Good. Good (but not | Leipzig. 35. | |
recommendable) Tape recorders (analogue, | 36 | Some Rules 4 (Field Situation). Get | |
DCC) (Hi-)MD recorders. Very good | aware of the recording environment The | ||
DAT-Recorder Solid State Recorder. S. | more “natural” the more “distorted” – | ||
Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 14. | Lower sometimes your expectations | ||
15 | DAT-Recorders. Fostex PD 4 MK II. Sony | Nonetheless try to control the recording | |
TCD-D100. TASCAM DA-P1. S. Grawunder MPI | environment. S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. | ||
EVA Leipzig. 15. | 36. | ||
16 | solid state recorders. But: Power | 37 | Recording environment. Choose a |
supply via Accu Price. S. Grawunder MPI | possibly quiet location Close doors and | ||
EVA Leipzig. 16. | windows Cover large reverberant surfaces | ||
17 | A good solution for the field? e.g. | Ask for turning off lights, refrigerators, | |
Marantz PMD 660 Battery powered Individual | fans, air conditioning etc. Remove | ||
Channel metering Mono recording possible | anything that ticks, buzzes, bangs, | ||
44.1 & 48 kHz / 16bit Speakers + Line | rattles, squeaks, hisses, or otherwise | ||
Out Professional XLR Input. S. Grawunder | makes itself heard. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | ||
MPI EVA Leipzig. 17. | Leipzig. 37. | ||
18 | Not bad, but … It needs E-net | 38 | Speaker. Find the appropriate |
connection for direct USB-copying to | Microphone – Mouth distance (Headworn M. / | ||
PC/MAC ? card reader Bad circuit | Static M.) Watch hands and feet Ask for | ||
insulation: phantom power current | reiterations. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | ||
influences the recording ?Never run out of | Leipzig. 38. | ||
batteries? shielded cables, self powered | 39 | Some Rules 5 (After Recording). | |
mics Actual presets are invisible. S. | Control your data again – listen through | ||
Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 18. | your recordings Make notes (on settings, | ||
19 | smaller siblings. S. Grawunder MPI EVA | solutions, etc.) Don’t lower the quality | |
Leipzig. 19. | requirements for digitization. S. | ||
20 | Saving Raw Data. To your computer Via | Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 39. | |
Card-Reader or Directly via USB-cable | 40 | References: EMELD: | |
(Electricity needed!!!). Another solution: | http://emeld.org/school/toolroom/ DOBES: | ||
Direct Copying to a “mobile photo hard | http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES Oral history: | ||
drive”. S. Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 20. | http://www.historicalvoices.org/oralhistor | ||
21 | MD and Hi-MD. ATRAC ?opaque format | / | |
ATRAC?WAV : Don’t betray yourself | http://bartus.org/akustyk/signal_aquisitio | ||
MD-WAV?MD-PC: Beware losing your data | .pdf Radio feature literature. S. | ||
Still Open Software “needed”. S. Grawunder | Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 40. | ||
MPI EVA Leipzig. 21. | 41 | Good luck with your recordings!!! S. | |
22 | Microphones. Frequency range Frequency | Grawunder MPI EVA Leipzig. 41. | |
How to make good audio recordings in the field.ppt |
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