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Identifying Fallacies
содержание презентации «Identifying Fallacies.ppt»| Сл | Текст | Сл | Текст |
| 1 | Identifying Fallacies. FYE 101 Also | 10 | Iphone 6 is the latest in technology. |
| see pp. 175-177 in the St. Martin’s | Therefore the Iphone 6 is the best cell | ||
| Handbook. | phone on the market. I must have an Iphone | ||
| 2 | Ad Hominem. Person A makes claim X. | 6 now! | |
| Person B makes an attack on person A. | 11 | Appeal to Pity. P is presented, with | |
| Therefore A's claim is false. For example: | the intent to create pity. Therefore claim | ||
| Although Ms. Bell’s book on Joe DiMaggio | C is true. Example: Sunera: Thomas is the | ||
| was well researched, I doubt that an | worst of the candidates we have | ||
| Australian historian can contribute much | interviewed. Laura: But Thomas was nervous | ||
| to our knowledge of an American baseball | because he has been unemployed for several | ||
| player. | months and really needs the job to feed | ||
| 3 | You Too Fallacy. Person A makes claim | his family and feel like the head of the | |
| X. Person B asserts that A's actions or | household again. Sunera: Well, on second | ||
| past claims are inconsistent with the | thought, I guess Thomas would do ok in the | ||
| truth of claim X. Therefore X is false. | position. | ||
| Example: Sunera: I think there should be a | 12 | Appeal to Ridicule. X, which is some | |
| way for illegal immigrants to obtain | form of ridicule is presented (typically | ||
| citizenship. Barbara: But you just said | directed at the claim). Therefore claim C | ||
| the opposite last month, so you must be | is false. Example: Same-sex marriage? Not | ||
| wrong now. | until the Bible is written to say “Adam | ||
| 4 | Appeal to Authority. Person A is | and Steve” rather than “Adam and Eve” | |
| (claimed to be) an authority on subject S. | Ha-Ha! | ||
| Person A makes claim C about subject S. | 13 | Appeal to Spite. Claim X is presented | |
| Therefore, C is true. Example: Obama is a | with the intent of generating spite. | ||
| Muslim who was born somewhere in Africa | Therefore claim C is false (or true) | ||
| who wants to turn America into a Nazi-like | Example: Sunera: I think John’s idea about | ||
| state. [This author is a citizen of | our final exam in FYE is a good one. | ||
| Shreveport]. | Clyde: Oh, is this the same John who I | ||
| 5 | Appeal to Belief. Most people believe | heard called you a *%$#@ biach at the KA | |
| that a claim, X, is true. Therefore X is | house last weekend? Sunera: What??? Then | ||
| true. Example: Most people believe the | John can take his idea and shove it! | ||
| United States is a Christian Nation. | 14 | Appeal to Tradition. X is old or | |
| Therefore, the United States is a | traditional therefore X is correct or | ||
| Christian Nation. | better. The “We have always done it that | ||
| 6 | Appeal to Common Practice. X is a | way” fallacy. Example: Shandra: What! No | |
| common action. Therefore X is | catfish in the cafeteria on Friday? We | ||
| correct/moral/justified/reasonable, etc. | have always had “Catfish Friday” at | ||
| Example: Most men view women as sex | Centenary! | ||
| objects so there must not be anything | 15 | Appeal to Peer Pressure. Person P is | |
| wrong with it; I guess guys are just wired | pressured by his/her peers or threatened | ||
| that way. | with rejection. Therefore person P's claim | ||
| 7 | Appeal to Emotion. Favorable emotions | X is false. Example: Sunera: I think that | |
| are associated with X. Therefore, X is | persons of all religious convictions | ||
| true. Example: Heaven is a beautiful place | should be shown respect. Jackson: Well, | ||
| where one is reunited with departed love | Sunera, I guess you are not a God-fearing | ||
| ones and lives an eternity of happiness. | Christian like the rest of us. We sure | ||
| Therefore, heaven exists. | will miss you here. Sunera: Ha-Ha! Only | ||
| 8 | Appeal to Fear. Y is presented (a | joking! I know they will all burn in | |
| claim that is intended to produce fear). | Hell!! Yay! | ||
| Therefore claim X is true (a claim that is | 16 | Begging the Question. Premises in | |
| generally, but need not be, related to Y | which the truth of the conclusion is | ||
| in some manner). Example: Do not “double | claimed or the truth of the conclusion is | ||
| dip” your chip in the salsa. You could | assumed (either directly or indirectly). | ||
| contract AIDS that way. [An actual | Claim C (the conclusion) is true. Also | ||
| statement from a former staff member of | known as a circular argument. Example: | ||
| Student Life at Centenary]. | Sunera: How do you know God exists? Evan: | ||
| 9 | Appeal to Flattery. Person A is | Because the Bible says so. Sunera: But why | |
| flattered by person B. Person B makes | should I believe the Bible? Evan: Because | ||
| claim X. Therefore X is true. Example: | God wrote it. | ||
| Sam: Dr. Otto, you are the best teacher I | 17 | Burden of Proof. Claim X is presented | |
| have ever encountered. Dr. Otto. Thanks, | by side A and the burden of proof actually | ||
| Sam. Sam: Just between us, I think Dr. | rests on side B. Side B claims that X is | ||
| Mackie does not know anything in his | false because there is no proof for X. | ||
| discipline. Dr. Otto. Probably so! | Example: Sunera: I believe in | ||
| [Disclaimer: Actually this conversation | reincarnation. Tommy: But where is your | ||
| never took place]. | proof? Sunera: Tommy, nobody has yet to | ||
| 10 | Appeal to Novelty. X is new. Therefore | prove that reincarnation does not occur! | |
| X is correct or better. Example: The | |||
| Identifying Fallacies.ppt | |||
Identifying Fallacies
««Английский» 2 класс» - Repeat after me. Ask questions. Her name. Read, please. За попугаем повтори. Answer my questions. Фонетическая разминка. Write. Знакомство за круглым столом. Good day. It is an elephant. Home task. English. Гимнастика для глаз. Meet my friend. За работу. At the round table. My name. Guess. Olga Sergeevna.
«Classical music» - The Opera. Mastered by Franz Joseph Haydn - he wrote 104 of them. The String Quartet. An extended work for orchestra - usually 20 - 40 minutes in length. Beethoven, Haydn and Schubert has no success with writing operas. Conclusions. The Symphonic Form. Haydn was the first to write one - he also mastered them.
«American music» - Piano. Violin. Let my people go. Drums. Свинг. Джордж Гершвин. Элвис Пресли. Elvis Presley. Summertime. Saxophone. Кантри. First born. Открытие Колумбом Америки. Spiritual. Trumpet. Banjo. Guitar. American music.
«Английские глаголы» - На далекой Планете -Грамматика жил был король глагол-TO BE. Король To be очень любил своих детей и гордился ими, так как это была его сегодняшняя , настоящая жизнь. Королевич Am был хвастуном и любил себя больше всех. Remember. Порядок слов в повествовательном английском предложении. Королевич Are был очень общительным, к нему в гости часто заходили друзья местоимения we,you,they.
«City London» - Hyde Park with its Speaker's Corner is also here. This is London’s poorest part. The East End. The best place in world! If you are fond of painting you'll go to the Tate Gallery. Globe Theatre. Here are the historical places as well as the famous parks. The present building was built in 1852. The City of London.
«The green movement» - "Green" movement in the world. Green color which is used by participants of movement as the general emblem, serves as a symbol of the nature, hope and updating. National offices Green Peace are opened in 43 countries of the world as the independent units working over achievement of the purposes of the national projects.
