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Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM
Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM		 Map Projection
Map Projection		 Map Projection
Map Projection		 Map Projection
Map Projection		 These models show WHAT
These models show WHAT
These models show WHAT
These models show WHAT		 These models show WHAT
These models show WHAT
What does this model show
What does this model show		 Enclaves Exclaves
Enclaves Exclaves		 Enclaves Exclaves
Enclaves Exclaves		 Enclaves Exclaves
Enclaves Exclaves		 Enclaves Exclaves
Enclaves Exclaves
Region outlines: Tell about each: Countries
Region outlines: Tell about each: Countries 		Shapes of states
Shapes of states		 Peninsulas
Peninsulas		 European Rivers
European Rivers		 European Rivers
European Rivers
Regions Ethnicities
Regions Ethnicities		 Region
Region		 Region
Region		 Region
Region		 Region
Region
NAME that symbol
NAME that symbol		 NAME that symbol
NAME that symbol		 Religious Symbols: Can you name these now
Religious Symbols: Can you name these now		 ID religion
ID religion		 ID religion
ID religion
ID religion
ID religion		 ID religion
ID religion		 ID religion
ID religion		 ID religion
ID religion		 Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM
Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM
Colonial Powers in Africa
Colonial Powers in Africa
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1Info & Tips on AP Human Geography 34that humans have choices in the way they
EXAM. interact with their physical settings; the
2Format & Schedule for the AP Human antithesis of environmental determinism?
Geography Exam Consists of 2 sections: Largest city in a country that is more
Section I: 60 minutes; 75 M-C ?’s Counts than double the size of the next largest
50% of total AP exam grade 48 seconds each city? Answers ?
BREAK….15 min. or so…. Section II: 75 35J: 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US
minutes; 3 Free Response items Counts 50% and Canada? NAFTA Particular business
of final grade. functions are completed outside the
33 Free Response Items: -You have to do organization? Outsourcing Large business
all 3 for full credit -You have 75 total firms based in developed countries that
minutes to do these -PREWRITE (!!!!) with have established factories in other
each -fancy form does NOT count…content is countries? Transnational corp.’s (aka
most important -Do NOT just list… -Do what multinational) Grazing of sheep and cattle
it says…IF it says define, do that -If it on natural grasslands? Pastoralism Number
says give an EX., do that Glance ahead at of people per unit area of arable or
all 3 ?’s WHICH 1 you know most about? cultivable land? Physiological density
Start with that one, leaving 2 pages for Large scale commercial agricultural
any you are skipping. operations typically found in LDCs?
4You have about 25 min. to answer each Plantation View that humans have choices
free response question. Take 5 min. to in the way they interact with their
plan & outline your answer. A formal physical settings; the antithesis of
essay is NOT required But it is NOT enough environmental determinism? Possibilism
to just list facts. Illustrate your Largest city in a country that is more
answers w/ GOOD geographic examples than double the size of the next largest
whenever possible Be sure that you number city? Primate city.
each of your answers, including individual 36Page K: In relation to migration,
parts like 1a) 1b) 1c), in the answer slavery would be a ____ factor and/or ____
booklet as the questions are numbered on migration. In migration, a good climate
the next slide ? ? would be what kind of factor? A physical
5Sample question: 1. The modern state feature, such as a body of water, which
system is engaged in a struggle between hinders migration is an example of ___?___
the forces of supranationalism & 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of
devolution. A) Define both terms & scale? A system for transferring locations
give a geographic example for each. B) from a globe to a flat map is The name
With reference to the political & given to a portion of Earth’s surface is
economic geography of Europe, briefly known as The International Date Line is
discuss three changes resulting from measured at _?_degrees. Is it latitude or
supranationalism. C) With reference to the longitude? Number of movements from Place
political & economic geography of A to Place C is reduced by the existence
Europe, briefly discuss 3 changes of Place B which is closer to A? Area of
resulting from devolution. BUT…write in land under foreign control that is claimed
paragraphs… by another country? EX would be
6Multiple Choice: You can have 7 skips Cyprus…Taiwan…Kashmir A type of map where
without penalty … That is, if you totally lines connect places with equal data
don’t know some, leave up to seven blank values (such as elevation, temperature)?
& it won’t hurt you. Choose the 7 you Provision of UNCLOS that allows for
are least sure about. If you can narrow it division of territorial waters when two
to 2 or 3 of the choices, answer it! 1 pt. countries are closer than 400 nm? ?
for each correct….lose .25 (1/4) for each 37K:: In relation to migration, slavery
wrong. Blanks = nothing… NOTE: Guy who would be a _____factor and/or ____
wrote the Barron’s APHG Study Guide never migration. Pull….forced In migration, a
taught APHG…His Free Response stuff is good climate would be what kind of factor?
totally off base…so do not follow those Pull/voluntary A physical feature, such as
instructions!! His Multiple Choice ?’s are a body of water, which hinders migration
OK. is an example of ____? Intervening
7Chapters Topics % of ?’s Ch. 1: Geog.: obstacle 1:24,000 is an example of what
Nature & perspectives: 5-10 Ch. 2 + 3 kind of scale? Fractional (ratio) A system
Pop. Patterns/Migration 13-17 Ch/ 4-7 for transferring locations from a globe to
Cultural Patterns (cultural geog.) 13-17 a flat map is __? projection The name
Ch. 8 Polit. Geog. 13-17 Ch. 10 + 14 given to a portion of Earth’s surface is
Agric. & rural land use 13-17 Ch. 9, known as a___? toponym The International
11, 14 Indus. + Econ Devel. 13-17 Ch. Date Line is measured at 180 degrees. Is
12-13 Cities/urban land (services) 13-17. it latitude or longitude? longitude Number
8“How many do I have to get right….?” of movements from Place A to Place C is
The answer from an APHG guru… That's reduced by the existence of Place B which
really hard to say - especially since is closer to A? intervening opportunity
another factor would be whether students Area of land under foreign control that is
skip the other questions or answer them claimed by another country? Irredentism A
incorrectly. Skipped questions have no type of map where lines connect places
penalty, but they lose 1/4 of the value of with equal data values (such as elevation,
a right answer for each incorrect answer. temperature)? Isoline maps Provision of
So a student who answers 50 right and UNCLOS that allows for division of
skips the other 25 will do much better territorial waters when two countries are
that the students who answers all the closer than 400 nm? Medial line principle.
questions and gets 50 right. Be sure to 38Page L: What are the other 2
remind them to SKIP a question if they acceptable terms for a formal region?
aren't sure or can't eliminate at least 1 Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type
or 2 answers. I just tell my kids to try of diffusion? Culture combines what 3
to do better than the "average" fundamental elements? A cultural group’s 3
kid taking the test - since over half will main values/beliefs? The idea that deals
pass, if they are "average" or the reduction in time it takes for
"above average" then they will something or someone to reach another
get a 3, 4, or 5. It is POSSIBLE to get a place? The world's 5 largest
4 by answering every multiple choice concentrations of people in order? The
question correctly and not getting any number of people per area of arable land?
points on the free response. (However Why did Europe & N. America go from
getting all 75 questions is highly Stage 1 to Stage 2? Why did Africa, Latin
unlikely!). Amer., & Asia go from Stg 1 to Stg 2?
9To summarize: If you TOTALLY do NOT The process of legally adding land area to
know anything about it, SKIP IT. TRY to a city in the US is ____. The city plus
avoid skipping more than 7… BUT…If there its contiguous built-up suburbs is the
are more than 7 you just DO NOT know, then ____. The largest type of urbanized area
skip more PRE-WRITE….BUT….for no more than is _____.
5 min. for each question Writing TOO MUCH 39Page L: What are the other 2
is MUCH better than NOT including acceptable terms for a formal region?
something that explains what you mean Homogeneous & uniform Diffusion of
Clarify….explain….discuss…DO what it tells AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion?
you to do! relocation 3 fundamental elements of
10NOTES ON MAPS: --economic maps culture? Values, material artifacts,
--physical maps --climate maps --cartogram political institutions A cultural group’s
--legend --political maps --population 3 main values/beliefs? Language, religion,
maps 1) gives info about how to read the ethnicity The idea that deals the
maps to get info from the map 2) show reduction in time it takes for something
landforms of an area…..the shape of the or someone to reach another place?
Earth’s surface 4) show places divided up Space/time compression The world's 5
by people, such as states (aka largest concentrations of people in order?
“countries”), cities, counties, etc.; E.Asia, S.Asia, W.Europe, SE Asia, NE
usually show rivers, major lakes, oceans, North Amer. The number of people per area
etc., also 5) show climatic zones/areas of arable land? Physiological density Why
within countries, continents, etc. 6) show did Eur. & N. Amer. go from Stage 1 to
natural resources in areas and/or ways Stage 2? Industrial revolu. Why Africa,
that people make a living; legends may Latin Am., & Asia from Stg 1 to Stg 2?
show mines, factories, power plants, etc. Medical rev. The process of legally adding
NOTE: the economy of a country is the way land area to a city in the US is ____.
the money is earned, used, spent, annexation The city plus its contiguous
controlled, issued, etc. 7) shows were built-up suburbs is the ____. Urbanized
more people live…that is they show how area The largest type of urbanized area is
(heavily, thickly) or how sparsely _____ . megalopolis.
(thinly) populated a place is 8) thematic 40Page M: The circulation area of a
map that shows political areas in relation newspaper is an example of what kind of
to each other regarding some quality or region? The currently approximate world
quantity. Examples? annual natural increase rate? 2 areas of
11dispersed cartography agricultural the world with the highest TFR’s? Area of
physiological clustered (or a___?___) the world w/ lowest TFR’s? Why did
concentration arithmetic density 1) Malthus’ predictions not come true?
density which considers the # of farmers Neo-Malthusians say what? The most
per unit of farmland...land being farmed. important pull factor for migrants to
2) total # of something within an area; North America ? The most important
used to compare the distribution of obstacle to emigration from Eastern Europe
population in different countries. Ex.: In during the past 50 years? Who are the boat
the United Kingdom has 241 people per sq. people? (from where to where & when?)
km. 3) the science or mapmaking in order 3 periods of large increase in UN
to store reference material and/or membership?
communicate geographic info 4) the extent 41Page M: The circulation area of a
of feature's spread over space; used to newspaper is an example of what kind of
describe changes in distribution 5) if region? Functional Currently approximate
objects in an area are close together they world annual NIR? 1.4% 2 areas of the
are said to be … 6) a feature that is world with the highest TFR’s? Africa &
relatively far apart from others. the Middle East (W. Asia) Area of the
12ID: NIMBY B.O.D. Hydrocarbons world w/ lowest TFR’s? N-W Europe Why did
Particulates Biomass Fossil Fuels Most of Malthus’ predictions not come true? Growth
electricity for businesses comes from what of technology (Indus. Rev.) increased food
fuel source? For homes? production & let to lower pop. in
13Not in My Backyard! BOD: biochemical areas of increasing pop. (MDC’s)
oxygen demand: decomposing organic waste Neo-Malthusians say what? Struggle will be
in water…uses up oxygen & not enough for more than just food; are enough
for normal animals & plants …& can resources, just not distributed evenly The
cause algae to grow too much Hydrocarbons: most important pull factor for migrants to
cause photochemical smog (dirty fog): North America ? Econ opportunity The most
--comes from fuels + paint solvents important obstacle to emigration from
(removers) Particulates: solids in the air Eastern Europe during the past 50-60
from soot and Biomass: -plant material, years? Communism (USSR, E. Europe, China,
wood, animal wastes -LCD vs. MDC w/ N. Korea) Who are the boat people? (from
biomass? Methane Fossil Fuels: coal, where to where & when?) Vietnam; late
petroleum (oil), natural gas -Finite 70’s- early 80’s 3 periods of large
supply & is unevenly distributed increase in UN membership? Late 1940’s
Non-renewable energy: (can u make more?) (after WWII); 60’s-70’s (Africa/Asia out
Most of electricity for businesses comes of colonialism); 90’s (fall of communism).
from what fuel source? Coal For homes? 42Page N Political reasons for migrating
Natural gas. falls under which type of push factor? A
14 man and his family migrate to the USA in
15Map Projection. interrupted projection 1910. He’s most likely from which country?
map: depicts continents as accurately as China, Mexico, Poland, Sweden Most
possible by leaving blank space in less migrants to the USA during the 1960s &
important areas of the map like oceans. 1970s came from where? Most migrants to
Below: Mercator: A cylindrical map Inset the USA since the 1980s have come from
is more of a conical map ...area of focus where ? Main reason migration to the USA
(Greenland) accurate, but as it goes decline during the 1920’s? What are 2
lower, loses accuracy. terms for someone who is paid to help
16LIGHTNING REVIEW!!!!!! A page: undocumented Mexicans immigrate? The
Unambiguous (?) identification of a place largest interregional migration in the USA
on the earth’s surface – may use lat-long of African-Americans was the ____ in ___
coordinates? Reference to a location in & it moved ____ to ____ In a ____
relation to surrounding places? Changes in government, power is located centrally,
value systems, attitudes, customs, & decisions come from the central
language, and other cultural traits govt. In a ____ government, power is more
brought about by the contact with a diffused among regions and/or ethnicities
dissimilar culture group? Racial 5 Permanent members of the UN Security
segregation in South Africa? The areal Council?
(what do you think this means?) extent of 43Page N: Political reasons for
a person’s regularly visited places during migrating falls under cultural push
a day? Activities’ tendency to concentrate factors A man and his family migrate to
in a location to share facilities and the USA in 1910. He is most likely from
services for mutual benefit? Industry that which of these 4?… Poland Most migrants to
includes the operation of farms, farm the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came
equipment, and farm commodities? from where? Asia (India, China, Vietnam)
17APHG RAPID REVIEW answers A Page: Most migrants to the United States since
Unambiguous identification of place on the 1980s have come from where ? Latin
earth’s surface – may use lat-long America, especially Mexico Main reason
coordinates? Absolute location Refer. to migration to the USA decline during the
location in relation to surround. places? 1920’s? Quota laws of 1921 & 1924
Relative location Changes in value limiting ethnicity of migrants What are 2
systems, attitudes, customs, language, terms for someone who is paid to help
& other cult. traits thru contact w/ undocumented Mexicans immigrate? Pollero,
dissimilar culture group? Acculturation coyote The largest interregional migration
Racial segregation in South Africa? in the USA of African-Americans was the
Apartheid The areal extent of person’s ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____
regularly visited places during a day? Great Migration…1920’s-30’s; south to
Activity space Activities’ tendency to north In a ____ government, power is
concentrate in a location to share located centrally, & decisions come
facilities and services for mutual from the central govt. unitary In a
benefit? Agglomeration or clustering __government, power is more diffused among
Industry that includes the operation of regions and/or ethnicities federal 5
farms, farm equipment, and farm Permanent members of the UN Security
commodities? Agribusiness. Council? USA, Russia, China, France, UK.
18B page: Another name for the Neolithic 44Page O: 1. In 19th & most of 20th
Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? century: most prominent (most common) type
__ The practice of raising& harvesting of intraregional migration worldwide? 2.
fish & other water produce? South World region that is the hearth for 3 of
Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? major world religions? 3. In 1st half of
The division of a region or country into the 20th century: which below helped make
smaller administrative units, usually it easier (facilitated) the transportation
along ethnic lines? Industries that of beef to global markets? canning
provide goods and services to areas refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed
outside its center? An effort by realtors railways 4. Name 2 countries which have a
to convince whites living on the edges of majority population of Shiite Muslims. 5.
the expanding black housing areas to sell Name at least 3 countries which are
their homes, usually at prices lower than majority Eastern Orthodoxy. 6. Which
fair market value – then resell the houses industry below will locate closer to raw
to blacks at higher than market values? materials? soft-drink bottler brewers
Banks identified areas within a city that nickel smelting baking auto mfg.
they believed presented too high a risk of 45Page O: 1. In 19th & most of 20th
financial loss to receive mortgage loans – century: most prominent (most common) type
usually related to the race of occupants? of intraregional migration worldwide?
Lines that separate countries? A place Rural to urban 2. World region that is the
where cargo is transferred from one form hearth for 3 of major world religions? SW
of transportation to another? Asia or Mid-East 3. In 1st half of the
19ANSW. B Page: Another name for the 20th century: which below helped make it
Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how long easier (facilitated) the transportation of
ago? __? __ 1st agric. Revolution … The beef to global markets? canning
practice of raising& harvesting fish refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed
& other water produce? aquaculture railways 4. Name 2 countries which have a
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and majority population of Shiite Muslims.
Singapore? 4 dragons or 4 tigers…or 4 Iran & Iraq 5. Name at least 3
Asian dragons/tigers Division of a region countries which are majority Eastern
or country into smaller administrative Orthodoxy. Greece, Russ., Ukraine,
units, usually along ethnic lines? Georgia, 6. Which industry below will
Balkanization or Devolution Industries locate closer to raw materials? soft-drink
that provide goods and services to areas bottler brewers nickel smelting baking
outside its center? Basic industries An auto mfg.
effort by realtors to convince whites 46Page P: Contagious Diffusion Cultural
living on the edges of expanding black Ecology Culture Density Diffusion Distance
housing areas to sell their homes, usually Decay 3 main cultural values 1. Rapid,
at prices lower than fair market value – widespread diffusion of a characteristic
then resell the houses to blacks at higher throughout the population; process that
than market values? blockbusting Banks causes expansion diffusion or the spread
identified areas within a city that they of a feature from one place to another in
believed presented too high a risk of a snowballing process (gets bigger as it
financial loss to receive mortgage loans – rolls along…). 2. The geographic study of
usually related to the race of occupants? human-environment relationships;
redlining Lines that separate countries? relationship between culture &
Borders or boundaries A place where cargo environment; Important to geographers in
is transferred from one form of constructing regions 3. The body of
transportation to another? Break of bulk customary beliefs. material traits, and
point. social forms that together constitute the
20C page: A map that has been distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from
transformed into a type of graph where the the Latin word cultus; 3 main parts:
administrative units have been enlarged or language, religion, & ethnicity 4. The
reduced in area to graphically reflect frequency with which something occurs in
their numerical share in the topic space; feature being measured could be
presented? Maps which show distribution by people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or
area – often by symbols or colors which etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km.,
fill an entire administrative unit? Forces sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of
that tend to disintegrate or push apart? area. 5. The process by which a
Forces that tend to bind or pull together? characteristic spreads across space from
A state that is principally composed of a one place to another over time; (b/c of
city and a limited hinterland? __?__ Ex? A communication technology, new ideas in one
concept that says that an area will place diffuse quickly to others) 6. Ppl in
specialize in the production of items for more than one region may improve &
which it has the greatest economic modify an idea at the same time but in
advantage over other areas? The joining different ways 7. Phenomenon in which
together of large urban centers so that contact diminished w/ increasing distance
their edges create a continuous developed & eventually disappears.
area? ___?___ Ex? 47Page P: (Rough...need to edit!!!)( 1.
21Page C: Map that’s been transformed Rapid, widespread diffusion of a
into a type of graph where the admin. characteristic throughout the population;
units have been enlarged or reduced in process that causes expansion diffusion or
area to graphically reflect their the spread of a feature from one place to
numerical share in the topic presented? another in a snowballing process (gets
Cartogram Maps which show distribution by bigger as it rolls along…). Contagious
area – often by symbols or colors which Diffusion 2. The geographic study of
fill an entire administrative unit? human-environment relationships;
Choropleth Forces that tend to relationship between culture &
disintegrate? Centrifugal Forces that tend environment; Important to geographers in
to bind together? Centripetal A state that constructing regions Cultural Ecology 3.
is principally composed of a city and a The body of customary beliefs. material
limited hinterland? City-state Ex? old: traits, and social forms that together
Athens new: Singapore A concept that constitute the distinct tradition of a
states than an area will specialize in the group of ppl, from the Latin word cultus;
production of items for which it has the Culture 4. main parts: language, religion,
greatest economic advantage over other & ethnicity 3 main cultural values 4.
areas? Comparative advantage The joining The frequency with which something occurs
together of large urban centers so that in space; feature being measured could be
their edges create a continuous developed people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or
area? Conurbation or Megalopolis Ex? etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km.,
BosWash, ChiPitts, San-San; East-west in sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of
Japan from Tokyo to Kyushu; Ruhr region of area. Density 5. The process by which a
Germany. characteristic spreads across space from
22D Page: The spatial structure of the one place to another over time; (b/c of
world economic system that includes communication technology, new ideas in one
unequal development – one area w/ the place diffuse quickly to others) Diffusion
greatest wealth and economic power …& Ppl in more than one region may improve
another area/region which lacks & modify an idea at the same time but
development? Also known as the Brandt line in different ways 6. Phenomenon in which
A recent shift in population from urban to contact diminished w/ increasing distance
rural areas? Number of births per 1000 & eventually disappears. Distance
population? Number of deaths per 1000 Decay.
population? # of deaths of children less 48Shatterbelt. Shatter belt - "a
than age 1 per 1000 births? Birth rate region caught between stronger colliding
minus death rate, expressed as a external cultural-political forces, under
percentage? Survey system used by the persistent stress, & often fragmented
French with narrow but long sections? Made by aggressive rivals." Area hit often
to give all access to a river. Survey with outside conflicts and stresses It has
system used by British colonies? also played the role of a cold war buffer
23D: The spatial structure of the world zone. EX: Southeast Asia: borders the
economic system that includes unequal "giants" of India and China. One
development – 1 area w/ the greatest country of the realm, Myanmar, borders
wealth & econ. power…& another both. To the east, the island State of
area/region which lacks development? Also Indonesia controls the western half of the
known as the Brandt line Core-periphery A island of New Guinea, yet the whole island
recent shift in population from urban to is included in the pacific realm. Another
rural areas? Counterurbanization Number of EX: Eastern Europe: often invaded,
births per 1000 population? Crude birth cultural differences.
rate Number of deaths per 1000 population? 49Terms NOT in our book…. 1.
Crude death rate Number of deaths of two-pronged, from 2 + fork: to cause to
children less than age 1 per 1000 births? divide into 2 branches or parts, to divide
Infant mortality rate Birth rate minus into 2 branches or parts you can ____
death rate, expressed as a %? Rate of rivers, states, regions, gov’ts. bifurcate
natural increase Survey system used by the 2. Spread of birth control: diffusion of
French? Long lot Survey system used in fertility control 3. Boundary that follows
British colonies? Metes and bounds. a geological feature, such as a river or
24E Page Survey system that includes mountain range? Natural boundary 4.
division of land into regular pattern of Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes,
squares or rectangles? Wherever a culture volcanic eruptions are a few examples?
group has modified its environmental Natural hazards 5. Area of land under
setting – this is the result? Model that foreign control that is claimed by another
uses graphs of birth & death rates to country? Irredentism 6. 200 nautical miles
illustrate historical trends of from a coastal state that can be claimed
population? Shift from manufacturing jobs for use of the water and sea bottom?
to a service dominated economy? Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go to
Relationship between the number of active 350 nm if continental shelf) 7. Provision
workers in a country (age 15-64) & of UNCLOS that allows for division of
those younger & older than the worker territorial waters when two countries are
group? Idea that spatial interaction will closer than 400 nm? medial line principle
decline in intensity with increasing 8. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a
distance from the origin? The measure of service dominated economy?
the increase in total jobs based on the Deindustrializtion (postindustrial economy
ratio between basic employment and total 9. The measure of the increase in total
employment? Industries that provide goods jobs based on the ratio between basic
and services to areas outside its center? employment and total employment?
In an urban setting, the highest land Multiplier effect 10. Streets & roads
values are found near the city center (or in urban areas that wander…are NOT grid
CBD). What is the expression of the patterns, like older pre-colonial cities
relationship between land values & dentritic.
distance from city center? 501. In an urban setting, the highest
25E: Survey system that includes land values are found near the city center
division of land into regular pattern of (or CBD). What is the expression of the
squares or rectangles? Township and range relationship between land values and
Wherever a culture group has modified its distance from city center? Bid-rent curve
environmental setting – this is the (usually convex – sharp cost decrease just
result? Cultural landscape Model that uses inside city center, declines are lower in
graphs of birth and death rates to areas farther from the center as the curve
illustrate historical trends of flattens) 2. A concept that states than an
population? Demographic transition model area will specialize in the production of
Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service items for which it has the greatest
dominated economy? Deindustrializtion economic advantage over other areas?
(postindustrial economy) Relationship Comparative advantage 3. Another name for
between the number of active workers in a the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how
country (15-64) & those younger & long ago? __? __ 1st agric. Revolution …
older than the worker group? Dependency 4. The practice of raising& harvesting
ratio Concept that spatial interaction fish & other water produce?
will decline in intensity with increasing aquaculture 5. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong
distance from the origin? Distance decay Kong, and Singapore? 4 dragons or 4
The measure of the increase in total jobs tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigers 6.
based on the ratio between basic Division of a region or country into
employment and total employment? smaller administrative units, usually
Multiplier effect Industries that provide along ethnic lines? Devolution ...or
goods and services to areas outside its Balkanization.
center? Basic Industries In an urban 51ID each person’s/event contribution:
setting, the highest land values are found Rostow Hoyt Christaller Burgess Ravenstein
near the city center (or CBD). What is the Hecateus: Von Thunen Mackinder &
expression of the relationship between Spykman Malthus Zelinsky: Harris &
land values and distance from city center? Ullman Carter/Begin/Sadat: Samuel Slater
Bid-rent curve (usually convex – sharp Karl Marx & F. Engels Dalai Lama:
decrease just inside city center, declines Siddhartha: Joseph Smith: Plessy vs.
are lower in areas farther from the center Ferguson Jakob Ammam: Aristotle:
as the curve flattens). 52Rostow (model) 5 things needed for
26F Page: Spread of ideas or innovations inter. trade: Christaller: Central place
from a point of origin? 2 Diffusion Types? theory Ravenstein (11 laws of migration:
3 Types of E________ diffusion? Common who migrates & why) Von Thunen (model)
agricultural practice in warmer Asian agric. & distance to city
regions where two crops are grown on the (transpor./land cost) Malthus food =
same land within the same year? # of years arithme. & people = geomet/exponential
it take a population to double? The Zelinsky: (Demog.trans/migra:2’s migrate
permanently inhabited portion of the 1’s stay 2’s to 3 & 4) Nicholas
earth? Urban development section outside Appert: canning 1801 Carter/Begin/Sadat:
of a city – usually along transportation Camp David Accords (Sinai to Egy.) S.
beltways – that is now self-sufficient? A Slater brought textiles to US (late about
territory within & surrounded by a 1800) in New Engl. Karl Marx & F.
different state? A territory outside of Engels developed communist theory Dalai
its state or surrounded by another state? Lama: Tibetan religious leader (former
27F: Spread of ideas or innovations from state also Siddhartha: Indian prince who
a point of origin? Diffusion 2 BasicTypes became The Buddha…thru “middle way” Joseph
in ?#1? Expansion and Relocation 3 Types Smith: Founder of Mormonism Plessy vs.
of Expansion diffusion? Contagious, Ferguson US court case: separation of
stimulus, hierarchical Common agricultural races Jakob Ammam: Moravian leader, led
practice in warmer Asian regions where 2 grp to US; Amish Aristotle: wrld. = round
crops are grown on the same land w/in the 3 pieces of evidence… Hecateus: Gk. 1st
same year? Double cropping Rate of natural geography bk Hoyt (ch. 13) developed
increase divided into 70? Doubling time sector model lo/hi class areas Burgess:
The permanently inhabited portion of the developed concentric model for urban areas
earth? Ecumene Urban development outside MacKinder & Spykman: M: Heartland
of a city – usually along transportation Theory S: Rimland Theory Hoyt: Sector
beltways – that is now self-sufficient? urban model Harris & Ullman: Multiple
Edge city A territory within and Nuclei Urban model.
surrounded by a different state? Enclave A 53These models show WHAT? Which is which
territory outside of its state, separate model?
from the main land area of the state? 54What does this model show? What point
Exclave. is it trying to make?
28G page: 200 nautical miles from a 55Added terms: Special Economic Zone
coastal state that can be claimed for use (SEZ’s): “Open Cities” “Open Coastal
of the water and sea bottom? Farming that Zones” areas that encourage international
requires a large expanse of land & investment & trade despite political
unit per land area of production is low? A differences… BEST EX: China…Shanghai EEZ
culture group that is usually small in (exclusive econ. Zone): UNCLOS Entrepot:
area & number & very slow to City that is primarily just a port area
change? Relocated capital city for desire w/o econ. Activity of its own; Singapore
to unify or promote growth? Restoration of WAS this way about 40 yrs. ago…but has
run-down dwelling in low-income inner city changed to industry, etc., as an “Asian
neighborhoods? Complex integrated computer Tiger” Shatter belt: area(s) caught
programs for data management & display between 2 more powerful groups who oppose
in map form & in layers? Rural or each other. Can be cultural (like
natural land sector around many European linguistic) or political (democratic vs.
cities which limits urban growth? communistic) -- "a region caught
29G: 200 nautical miles from a coastal between stronger colliding external
state that can be claimed for use of the cultural-political forces, under
water and sea bottom? Exclusive Economic persistent stress, & often fragmented
zone (EEZ) (may go to 350 nm if by aggressive rivals.“ EX: E. Europe
continental shelf) Farming that requires a played the role of a cold war buffer zone.
large expanse of land and unit per land Also: SE Asia borders the
area of production is low? Extensive "giants" of India & China.
agriculture A culture group that is One country in that area, Myanmar, borders
usually small in area and number and very both. To the east, the island State of
slow to change? Folk culture A Indonesia controls the western half of the
manufacturing activity that is free to island of New Guinea, yet the whole island
locate where it wants to be? Footloose is included in the pacific realm.
industry Relocated capital city for desire 56Heartland (H. MacKinder) vs. Rimland
to unify or promote growth? Forward (N. Spykman) Theory of Geopolitics: 1904,
Capital (or forward thrust capital) Halford Mackinder published a theory RE:
Restoration of run-down dwelling in political strength in Eurasia…analyzed the
low-income inner city neighborhoods? strengths & weaknesses of the regions
Gentrification Complex integrated computer Concluded the Russian Core & areas
programs for data management and display east of the core had potential to become a
in map form? GIS Rural or natural land world power. 1919: revised his theory to
sector around many European cities which include E. Europe & the theory became
limits urban growth? Greenbelt. known as Mackinder's Heartland Theory.
30H Page: Total value of goods & Basically stated: - Who rules East Europe
services produced within a country on a commands the heartland. - Who rules
yearly basis divided by population? UN heartland commands the World Island
ranking of countries based on four (Eurasia & Africa) - Who rules the
measures of development? ___?__ And what World Island commands the World. 1942,
are these 4 measures? ___?___ Mechanisms Nicholas Spykman: countered Mackinder's
that support business operations – such as Heartland Theory. Spykman stated that
roads, railroads, communication systems, Eurasia's Rimland, the coastal areas or
water, sewer? Part of the economy that is buffer zone, is the key to controlling the
not reported to the government or taxed, World Island, not the heartland. Spykman's
often illegal? A country without any book, "America's Strategy in World
territory bordering an ocean? Language Politics" was published during World
used for communication – especially War II dealt w/ political & military
between peoples who speak different strength of the USA at that time. Today we
languages? Program to aid economic look at the Rimland in terms of its
development without destruction of economic strength & potential, but the
valuable natural resources? ? book dealt w/ primarily military
31H: Total value of gods and services intervention, control & conquest of
produced within a country on a yearly the Old World.
basis divided by population? GDP per 57enclave & exclave (see next
capita UN ranking of countries based on slide): 1) enclave: an area surrounded by
four measures of development? Human an area that does not rule it. EX’s:
Development Index (econ., politcal, Vatican City; Lesotho; Gambia (actually a
demographic, social, ) Mechanisms that penne-enclave b/c it has a small outlet to
support business operations – such as the sea): 2) exclaves: parts of a national
roads, railroads, communication systems, territory separated from the main body of
water, sewer? Infrastructure Part of the the country EX’s: Alaska; Kaliningrad
economy that is not reported to the (part of Russia but on Baltic Sea); former
government or taxed, often illegal? E. Pakistan, separated from W. Pakistan.
Informal sector (EX: drugs/drug 58Enclaves Exclaves.
trafficking) A country without any 59Region outlines: Tell about each:
territory bordering an ocean? landlocked Countries ? Where Ethnicities? Neighbors?
Language used for communication – Religions? Languages?
especially between peoples who speak 60Shapes of states? Name each?
different languages? Lingua franca Program Geomorphology.
to aid economic development without 61Peninsulas? Bodies of water? Islands?
destruction of valuable natural resources? States? Regions? Religions? Ethnicities.
Sustainable development. 62European Rivers.
32i Page: Economic system that promoted 63Regions Ethnicities? Religions?
accumulation of wealth by encouraging 64Region? ID countries? Religions?
exports and limiting imports? A city with 65Region? ID countries? Religions?
more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent 66Region? ID countries? Religions?
counties that have at least 50% of their 67Region? ID countries? Religions?
population in the metro area? A cohesive 68ID the following (who, what, when,
grouping of people who share a political where?): NATO 16. SEZ’s UN 17. EEZ Warsaw
unit? Boundary that follows a geological Pact 18. Benelux CMSA’s OPEC EU COMECON
feature, such as a river or mountain BRP CDR NIR TFR IMR CBR GDP/GNP CBD.
range? Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, 69Religions: Which relates to what
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a few religion, branch, or denomination? Ramadan
examples? Economic dependency in former Eight-fold Path Caste system 4 Noble
colonies despite gaining political Truths 5 Pillars Main in Greece &
independence? Number of people divided by Russia Gurus Imam Patriarch Deities:
the land area? Manufacturing in US owned Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu Krishna (hero)
border factories in Mexico? Semi nomadic Ma’kah (Mecca) White cows are sacred (2)
herders who take flocks to higher Hajj Swastika Lotus is a symbol (2)
elevations in the summer and valleys in Mandela Kabbah Bible Torah Vedas Qu’ran
winter? ? (Koran).
33Pg i: Economic system that promoted 70NAME that symbol!
accumulation of wealth by encouraging 71Symbols of 14 religions Clockwise from
exports and limiting imports? Mercantilism N. Pole: Baha'i Buddhism Christianity
A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants Confucianism Hinduism Islam Jainism
and adjacent counties that have at least Judaism Shinto Sikhism Taoism Wicca
50% of their pop. in the metro area? Zoroastrianism Druidism.
Metro. statis. area A cohesive grouping of 72Religious Symbols: Can you name these
people who share a political unit? now?
Nation-state Boundary that follows a 73ID religion.
geological feature, such as a river or 74Some good discussion ?’s: Explain
mountain range? Natural boundary Floods, demographic transition model. Which of the
hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, sections of the demographic transition
volcanic eruptions are a few examples? model countries are most likely to migrate
Natural hazards Econ. depend. in former & WHY? Explain the differences between
colonies despite gaining polit. the major aspects of folk culture &
independence? Neocolonialism Number of popular culture *In order of less specific
people divided by the land area? to most specific, organize each of these
Population density Manufac. in US owned terms in regards to languages…and give
border factories in Mex.? Maquiladoras English’s category for each: a) branch b)
Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to family c) group d) subgroup.
higher elevations in the summer and 75Explain in detail why Sub-Saharan
valleys in winter? Transhumance. African countries have so many problems
34J Page: 1993 Trade pact between with development. Discuss the evolution of
Mexico, US and Canada? Particular business the modern concept of the state. 3. A)
functions that are completed outside the Women & development: What is the GDI
organization (hired out)? Large business and how does it affect the development
firms based in developed countries that level of a state? B) What are some of the
have established factories in other negative aspects of globalization on women
countries? Grazing of sheep and cattle on in LDC’s? C) What are some of the positive
natural grasslands? Number of people per aspects in LDC’s?
unit area of arable or cultivable land? 76
Large scale commercial agricultural 77Colonial Powers in Africa.
operations typically found in LDCs? View
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