Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM |
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1 | Info & Tips on AP Human Geography | 34 | that humans have choices in the way they |
EXAM. | interact with their physical settings; the | ||
2 | Format & Schedule for the AP Human | antithesis of environmental determinism? | |
Geography Exam Consists of 2 sections: | Largest city in a country that is more | ||
Section I: 60 minutes; 75 M-C ?’s Counts | than double the size of the next largest | ||
50% of total AP exam grade 48 seconds each | city? Answers ? | ||
BREAK….15 min. or so…. Section II: 75 | 35 | J: 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US | |
minutes; 3 Free Response items Counts 50% | and Canada? NAFTA Particular business | ||
of final grade. | functions are completed outside the | ||
3 | 3 Free Response Items: -You have to do | organization? Outsourcing Large business | |
all 3 for full credit -You have 75 total | firms based in developed countries that | ||
minutes to do these -PREWRITE (!!!!) with | have established factories in other | ||
each -fancy form does NOT count…content is | countries? Transnational corp.’s (aka | ||
most important -Do NOT just list… -Do what | multinational) Grazing of sheep and cattle | ||
it says…IF it says define, do that -If it | on natural grasslands? Pastoralism Number | ||
says give an EX., do that Glance ahead at | of people per unit area of arable or | ||
all 3 ?’s WHICH 1 you know most about? | cultivable land? Physiological density | ||
Start with that one, leaving 2 pages for | Large scale commercial agricultural | ||
any you are skipping. | operations typically found in LDCs? | ||
4 | You have about 25 min. to answer each | Plantation View that humans have choices | |
free response question. Take 5 min. to | in the way they interact with their | ||
plan & outline your answer. A formal | physical settings; the antithesis of | ||
essay is NOT required But it is NOT enough | environmental determinism? Possibilism | ||
to just list facts. Illustrate your | Largest city in a country that is more | ||
answers w/ GOOD geographic examples | than double the size of the next largest | ||
whenever possible Be sure that you number | city? Primate city. | ||
each of your answers, including individual | 36 | Page K: In relation to migration, | |
parts like 1a) 1b) 1c), in the answer | slavery would be a ____ factor and/or ____ | ||
booklet as the questions are numbered on | migration. In migration, a good climate | ||
the next slide ? ? | would be what kind of factor? A physical | ||
5 | Sample question: 1. The modern state | feature, such as a body of water, which | |
system is engaged in a struggle between | hinders migration is an example of ___?___ | ||
the forces of supranationalism & | 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of | ||
devolution. A) Define both terms & | scale? A system for transferring locations | ||
give a geographic example for each. B) | from a globe to a flat map is The name | ||
With reference to the political & | given to a portion of Earth’s surface is | ||
economic geography of Europe, briefly | known as The International Date Line is | ||
discuss three changes resulting from | measured at _?_degrees. Is it latitude or | ||
supranationalism. C) With reference to the | longitude? Number of movements from Place | ||
political & economic geography of | A to Place C is reduced by the existence | ||
Europe, briefly discuss 3 changes | of Place B which is closer to A? Area of | ||
resulting from devolution. BUT…write in | land under foreign control that is claimed | ||
paragraphs… | by another country? EX would be | ||
6 | Multiple Choice: You can have 7 skips | Cyprus…Taiwan…Kashmir A type of map where | |
without penalty … That is, if you totally | lines connect places with equal data | ||
don’t know some, leave up to seven blank | values (such as elevation, temperature)? | ||
& it won’t hurt you. Choose the 7 you | Provision of UNCLOS that allows for | ||
are least sure about. If you can narrow it | division of territorial waters when two | ||
to 2 or 3 of the choices, answer it! 1 pt. | countries are closer than 400 nm? ? | ||
for each correct….lose .25 (1/4) for each | 37 | K:: In relation to migration, slavery | |
wrong. Blanks = nothing… NOTE: Guy who | would be a _____factor and/or ____ | ||
wrote the Barron’s APHG Study Guide never | migration. Pull….forced In migration, a | ||
taught APHG…His Free Response stuff is | good climate would be what kind of factor? | ||
totally off base…so do not follow those | Pull/voluntary A physical feature, such as | ||
instructions!! His Multiple Choice ?’s are | a body of water, which hinders migration | ||
OK. | is an example of ____? Intervening | ||
7 | Chapters Topics % of ?’s Ch. 1: Geog.: | obstacle 1:24,000 is an example of what | |
Nature & perspectives: 5-10 Ch. 2 + 3 | kind of scale? Fractional (ratio) A system | ||
Pop. Patterns/Migration 13-17 Ch/ 4-7 | for transferring locations from a globe to | ||
Cultural Patterns (cultural geog.) 13-17 | a flat map is __? projection The name | ||
Ch. 8 Polit. Geog. 13-17 Ch. 10 + 14 | given to a portion of Earth’s surface is | ||
Agric. & rural land use 13-17 Ch. 9, | known as a___? toponym The International | ||
11, 14 Indus. + Econ Devel. 13-17 Ch. | Date Line is measured at 180 degrees. Is | ||
12-13 Cities/urban land (services) 13-17. | it latitude or longitude? longitude Number | ||
8 | “How many do I have to get right….?” | of movements from Place A to Place C is | |
The answer from an APHG guru… That's | reduced by the existence of Place B which | ||
really hard to say - especially since | is closer to A? intervening opportunity | ||
another factor would be whether students | Area of land under foreign control that is | ||
skip the other questions or answer them | claimed by another country? Irredentism A | ||
incorrectly. Skipped questions have no | type of map where lines connect places | ||
penalty, but they lose 1/4 of the value of | with equal data values (such as elevation, | ||
a right answer for each incorrect answer. | temperature)? Isoline maps Provision of | ||
So a student who answers 50 right and | UNCLOS that allows for division of | ||
skips the other 25 will do much better | territorial waters when two countries are | ||
that the students who answers all the | closer than 400 nm? Medial line principle. | ||
questions and gets 50 right. Be sure to | 38 | Page L: What are the other 2 | |
remind them to SKIP a question if they | acceptable terms for a formal region? | ||
aren't sure or can't eliminate at least 1 | Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type | ||
or 2 answers. I just tell my kids to try | of diffusion? Culture combines what 3 | ||
to do better than the "average" | fundamental elements? A cultural group’s 3 | ||
kid taking the test - since over half will | main values/beliefs? The idea that deals | ||
pass, if they are "average" or | the reduction in time it takes for | ||
"above average" then they will | something or someone to reach another | ||
get a 3, 4, or 5. It is POSSIBLE to get a | place? The world's 5 largest | ||
4 by answering every multiple choice | concentrations of people in order? The | ||
question correctly and not getting any | number of people per area of arable land? | ||
points on the free response. (However | Why did Europe & N. America go from | ||
getting all 75 questions is highly | Stage 1 to Stage 2? Why did Africa, Latin | ||
unlikely!). | Amer., & Asia go from Stg 1 to Stg 2? | ||
9 | To summarize: If you TOTALLY do NOT | The process of legally adding land area to | |
know anything about it, SKIP IT. TRY to | a city in the US is ____. The city plus | ||
avoid skipping more than 7… BUT…If there | its contiguous built-up suburbs is the | ||
are more than 7 you just DO NOT know, then | ____. The largest type of urbanized area | ||
skip more PRE-WRITE….BUT….for no more than | is _____. | ||
5 min. for each question Writing TOO MUCH | 39 | Page L: What are the other 2 | |
is MUCH better than NOT including | acceptable terms for a formal region? | ||
something that explains what you mean | Homogeneous & uniform Diffusion of | ||
Clarify….explain….discuss…DO what it tells | AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion? | ||
you to do! | relocation 3 fundamental elements of | ||
10 | NOTES ON MAPS: --economic maps | culture? Values, material artifacts, | |
--physical maps --climate maps --cartogram | political institutions A cultural group’s | ||
--legend --political maps --population | 3 main values/beliefs? Language, religion, | ||
maps 1) gives info about how to read the | ethnicity The idea that deals the | ||
maps to get info from the map 2) show | reduction in time it takes for something | ||
landforms of an area…..the shape of the | or someone to reach another place? | ||
Earth’s surface 4) show places divided up | Space/time compression The world's 5 | ||
by people, such as states (aka | largest concentrations of people in order? | ||
“countries”), cities, counties, etc.; | E.Asia, S.Asia, W.Europe, SE Asia, NE | ||
usually show rivers, major lakes, oceans, | North Amer. The number of people per area | ||
etc., also 5) show climatic zones/areas | of arable land? Physiological density Why | ||
within countries, continents, etc. 6) show | did Eur. & N. Amer. go from Stage 1 to | ||
natural resources in areas and/or ways | Stage 2? Industrial revolu. Why Africa, | ||
that people make a living; legends may | Latin Am., & Asia from Stg 1 to Stg 2? | ||
show mines, factories, power plants, etc. | Medical rev. The process of legally adding | ||
NOTE: the economy of a country is the way | land area to a city in the US is ____. | ||
the money is earned, used, spent, | annexation The city plus its contiguous | ||
controlled, issued, etc. 7) shows were | built-up suburbs is the ____. Urbanized | ||
more people live…that is they show how | area The largest type of urbanized area is | ||
(heavily, thickly) or how sparsely | _____ . megalopolis. | ||
(thinly) populated a place is 8) thematic | 40 | Page M: The circulation area of a | |
map that shows political areas in relation | newspaper is an example of what kind of | ||
to each other regarding some quality or | region? The currently approximate world | ||
quantity. Examples? | annual natural increase rate? 2 areas of | ||
11 | dispersed cartography agricultural | the world with the highest TFR’s? Area of | |
physiological clustered (or a___?___) | the world w/ lowest TFR’s? Why did | ||
concentration arithmetic density 1) | Malthus’ predictions not come true? | ||
density which considers the # of farmers | Neo-Malthusians say what? The most | ||
per unit of farmland...land being farmed. | important pull factor for migrants to | ||
2) total # of something within an area; | North America ? The most important | ||
used to compare the distribution of | obstacle to emigration from Eastern Europe | ||
population in different countries. Ex.: In | during the past 50 years? Who are the boat | ||
the United Kingdom has 241 people per sq. | people? (from where to where & when?) | ||
km. 3) the science or mapmaking in order | 3 periods of large increase in UN | ||
to store reference material and/or | membership? | ||
communicate geographic info 4) the extent | 41 | Page M: The circulation area of a | |
of feature's spread over space; used to | newspaper is an example of what kind of | ||
describe changes in distribution 5) if | region? Functional Currently approximate | ||
objects in an area are close together they | world annual NIR? 1.4% 2 areas of the | ||
are said to be … 6) a feature that is | world with the highest TFR’s? Africa & | ||
relatively far apart from others. | the Middle East (W. Asia) Area of the | ||
12 | ID: NIMBY B.O.D. Hydrocarbons | world w/ lowest TFR’s? N-W Europe Why did | |
Particulates Biomass Fossil Fuels Most of | Malthus’ predictions not come true? Growth | ||
electricity for businesses comes from what | of technology (Indus. Rev.) increased food | ||
fuel source? For homes? | production & let to lower pop. in | ||
13 | Not in My Backyard! BOD: biochemical | areas of increasing pop. (MDC’s) | |
oxygen demand: decomposing organic waste | Neo-Malthusians say what? Struggle will be | ||
in water…uses up oxygen & not enough | for more than just food; are enough | ||
for normal animals & plants …& can | resources, just not distributed evenly The | ||
cause algae to grow too much Hydrocarbons: | most important pull factor for migrants to | ||
cause photochemical smog (dirty fog): | North America ? Econ opportunity The most | ||
--comes from fuels + paint solvents | important obstacle to emigration from | ||
(removers) Particulates: solids in the air | Eastern Europe during the past 50-60 | ||
from soot and Biomass: -plant material, | years? Communism (USSR, E. Europe, China, | ||
wood, animal wastes -LCD vs. MDC w/ | N. Korea) Who are the boat people? (from | ||
biomass? Methane Fossil Fuels: coal, | where to where & when?) Vietnam; late | ||
petroleum (oil), natural gas -Finite | 70’s- early 80’s 3 periods of large | ||
supply & is unevenly distributed | increase in UN membership? Late 1940’s | ||
Non-renewable energy: (can u make more?) | (after WWII); 60’s-70’s (Africa/Asia out | ||
Most of electricity for businesses comes | of colonialism); 90’s (fall of communism). | ||
from what fuel source? Coal For homes? | 42 | Page N Political reasons for migrating | |
Natural gas. | falls under which type of push factor? A | ||
14 | man and his family migrate to the USA in | ||
15 | Map Projection. interrupted projection | 1910. He’s most likely from which country? | |
map: depicts continents as accurately as | China, Mexico, Poland, Sweden Most | ||
possible by leaving blank space in less | migrants to the USA during the 1960s & | ||
important areas of the map like oceans. | 1970s came from where? Most migrants to | ||
Below: Mercator: A cylindrical map Inset | the USA since the 1980s have come from | ||
is more of a conical map ...area of focus | where ? Main reason migration to the USA | ||
(Greenland) accurate, but as it goes | decline during the 1920’s? What are 2 | ||
lower, loses accuracy. | terms for someone who is paid to help | ||
16 | LIGHTNING REVIEW!!!!!! A page: | undocumented Mexicans immigrate? The | |
Unambiguous (?) identification of a place | largest interregional migration in the USA | ||
on the earth’s surface – may use lat-long | of African-Americans was the ____ in ___ | ||
coordinates? Reference to a location in | & it moved ____ to ____ In a ____ | ||
relation to surrounding places? Changes in | government, power is located centrally, | ||
value systems, attitudes, customs, | & decisions come from the central | ||
language, and other cultural traits | govt. In a ____ government, power is more | ||
brought about by the contact with a | diffused among regions and/or ethnicities | ||
dissimilar culture group? Racial | 5 Permanent members of the UN Security | ||
segregation in South Africa? The areal | Council? | ||
(what do you think this means?) extent of | 43 | Page N: Political reasons for | |
a person’s regularly visited places during | migrating falls under cultural push | ||
a day? Activities’ tendency to concentrate | factors A man and his family migrate to | ||
in a location to share facilities and | the USA in 1910. He is most likely from | ||
services for mutual benefit? Industry that | which of these 4?… Poland Most migrants to | ||
includes the operation of farms, farm | the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came | ||
equipment, and farm commodities? | from where? Asia (India, China, Vietnam) | ||
17 | APHG RAPID REVIEW answers A Page: | Most migrants to the United States since | |
Unambiguous identification of place on | the 1980s have come from where ? Latin | ||
earth’s surface – may use lat-long | America, especially Mexico Main reason | ||
coordinates? Absolute location Refer. to | migration to the USA decline during the | ||
location in relation to surround. places? | 1920’s? Quota laws of 1921 & 1924 | ||
Relative location Changes in value | limiting ethnicity of migrants What are 2 | ||
systems, attitudes, customs, language, | terms for someone who is paid to help | ||
& other cult. traits thru contact w/ | undocumented Mexicans immigrate? Pollero, | ||
dissimilar culture group? Acculturation | coyote The largest interregional migration | ||
Racial segregation in South Africa? | in the USA of African-Americans was the | ||
Apartheid The areal extent of person’s | ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____ | ||
regularly visited places during a day? | Great Migration…1920’s-30’s; south to | ||
Activity space Activities’ tendency to | north In a ____ government, power is | ||
concentrate in a location to share | located centrally, & decisions come | ||
facilities and services for mutual | from the central govt. unitary In a | ||
benefit? Agglomeration or clustering | __government, power is more diffused among | ||
Industry that includes the operation of | regions and/or ethnicities federal 5 | ||
farms, farm equipment, and farm | Permanent members of the UN Security | ||
commodities? Agribusiness. | Council? USA, Russia, China, France, UK. | ||
18 | B page: Another name for the Neolithic | 44 | Page O: 1. In 19th & most of 20th |
Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? | century: most prominent (most common) type | ||
__ The practice of raising& harvesting | of intraregional migration worldwide? 2. | ||
fish & other water produce? South | World region that is the hearth for 3 of | ||
Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? | major world religions? 3. In 1st half of | ||
The division of a region or country into | the 20th century: which below helped make | ||
smaller administrative units, usually | it easier (facilitated) the transportation | ||
along ethnic lines? Industries that | of beef to global markets? canning | ||
provide goods and services to areas | refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed | ||
outside its center? An effort by realtors | railways 4. Name 2 countries which have a | ||
to convince whites living on the edges of | majority population of Shiite Muslims. 5. | ||
the expanding black housing areas to sell | Name at least 3 countries which are | ||
their homes, usually at prices lower than | majority Eastern Orthodoxy. 6. Which | ||
fair market value – then resell the houses | industry below will locate closer to raw | ||
to blacks at higher than market values? | materials? soft-drink bottler brewers | ||
Banks identified areas within a city that | nickel smelting baking auto mfg. | ||
they believed presented too high a risk of | 45 | Page O: 1. In 19th & most of 20th | |
financial loss to receive mortgage loans – | century: most prominent (most common) type | ||
usually related to the race of occupants? | of intraregional migration worldwide? | ||
Lines that separate countries? A place | Rural to urban 2. World region that is the | ||
where cargo is transferred from one form | hearth for 3 of major world religions? SW | ||
of transportation to another? | Asia or Mid-East 3. In 1st half of the | ||
19 | ANSW. B Page: Another name for the | 20th century: which below helped make it | |
Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how long | easier (facilitated) the transportation of | ||
ago? __? __ 1st agric. Revolution … The | beef to global markets? canning | ||
practice of raising& harvesting fish | refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed | ||
& other water produce? aquaculture | railways 4. Name 2 countries which have a | ||
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and | majority population of Shiite Muslims. | ||
Singapore? 4 dragons or 4 tigers…or 4 | Iran & Iraq 5. Name at least 3 | ||
Asian dragons/tigers Division of a region | countries which are majority Eastern | ||
or country into smaller administrative | Orthodoxy. Greece, Russ., Ukraine, | ||
units, usually along ethnic lines? | Georgia, 6. Which industry below will | ||
Balkanization or Devolution Industries | locate closer to raw materials? soft-drink | ||
that provide goods and services to areas | bottler brewers nickel smelting baking | ||
outside its center? Basic industries An | auto mfg. | ||
effort by realtors to convince whites | 46 | Page P: Contagious Diffusion Cultural | |
living on the edges of expanding black | Ecology Culture Density Diffusion Distance | ||
housing areas to sell their homes, usually | Decay 3 main cultural values 1. Rapid, | ||
at prices lower than fair market value – | widespread diffusion of a characteristic | ||
then resell the houses to blacks at higher | throughout the population; process that | ||
than market values? blockbusting Banks | causes expansion diffusion or the spread | ||
identified areas within a city that they | of a feature from one place to another in | ||
believed presented too high a risk of | a snowballing process (gets bigger as it | ||
financial loss to receive mortgage loans – | rolls along…). 2. The geographic study of | ||
usually related to the race of occupants? | human-environment relationships; | ||
redlining Lines that separate countries? | relationship between culture & | ||
Borders or boundaries A place where cargo | environment; Important to geographers in | ||
is transferred from one form of | constructing regions 3. The body of | ||
transportation to another? Break of bulk | customary beliefs. material traits, and | ||
point. | social forms that together constitute the | ||
20 | C page: A map that has been | distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from | |
transformed into a type of graph where the | the Latin word cultus; 3 main parts: | ||
administrative units have been enlarged or | language, religion, & ethnicity 4. The | ||
reduced in area to graphically reflect | frequency with which something occurs in | ||
their numerical share in the topic | space; feature being measured could be | ||
presented? Maps which show distribution by | people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or | ||
area – often by symbols or colors which | etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km., | ||
fill an entire administrative unit? Forces | sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of | ||
that tend to disintegrate or push apart? | area. 5. The process by which a | ||
Forces that tend to bind or pull together? | characteristic spreads across space from | ||
A state that is principally composed of a | one place to another over time; (b/c of | ||
city and a limited hinterland? __?__ Ex? A | communication technology, new ideas in one | ||
concept that says that an area will | place diffuse quickly to others) 6. Ppl in | ||
specialize in the production of items for | more than one region may improve & | ||
which it has the greatest economic | modify an idea at the same time but in | ||
advantage over other areas? The joining | different ways 7. Phenomenon in which | ||
together of large urban centers so that | contact diminished w/ increasing distance | ||
their edges create a continuous developed | & eventually disappears. | ||
area? ___?___ Ex? | 47 | Page P: (Rough...need to edit!!!)( 1. | |
21 | Page C: Map that’s been transformed | Rapid, widespread diffusion of a | |
into a type of graph where the admin. | characteristic throughout the population; | ||
units have been enlarged or reduced in | process that causes expansion diffusion or | ||
area to graphically reflect their | the spread of a feature from one place to | ||
numerical share in the topic presented? | another in a snowballing process (gets | ||
Cartogram Maps which show distribution by | bigger as it rolls along…). Contagious | ||
area – often by symbols or colors which | Diffusion 2. The geographic study of | ||
fill an entire administrative unit? | human-environment relationships; | ||
Choropleth Forces that tend to | relationship between culture & | ||
disintegrate? Centrifugal Forces that tend | environment; Important to geographers in | ||
to bind together? Centripetal A state that | constructing regions Cultural Ecology 3. | ||
is principally composed of a city and a | The body of customary beliefs. material | ||
limited hinterland? City-state Ex? old: | traits, and social forms that together | ||
Athens new: Singapore A concept that | constitute the distinct tradition of a | ||
states than an area will specialize in the | group of ppl, from the Latin word cultus; | ||
production of items for which it has the | Culture 4. main parts: language, religion, | ||
greatest economic advantage over other | & ethnicity 3 main cultural values 4. | ||
areas? Comparative advantage The joining | The frequency with which something occurs | ||
together of large urban centers so that | in space; feature being measured could be | ||
their edges create a continuous developed | people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or | ||
area? Conurbation or Megalopolis Ex? | etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km., | ||
BosWash, ChiPitts, San-San; East-west in | sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of | ||
Japan from Tokyo to Kyushu; Ruhr region of | area. Density 5. The process by which a | ||
Germany. | characteristic spreads across space from | ||
22 | D Page: The spatial structure of the | one place to another over time; (b/c of | |
world economic system that includes | communication technology, new ideas in one | ||
unequal development – one area w/ the | place diffuse quickly to others) Diffusion | ||
greatest wealth and economic power …& | Ppl in more than one region may improve | ||
another area/region which lacks | & modify an idea at the same time but | ||
development? Also known as the Brandt line | in different ways 6. Phenomenon in which | ||
A recent shift in population from urban to | contact diminished w/ increasing distance | ||
rural areas? Number of births per 1000 | & eventually disappears. Distance | ||
population? Number of deaths per 1000 | Decay. | ||
population? # of deaths of children less | 48 | Shatterbelt. Shatter belt - "a | |
than age 1 per 1000 births? Birth rate | region caught between stronger colliding | ||
minus death rate, expressed as a | external cultural-political forces, under | ||
percentage? Survey system used by the | persistent stress, & often fragmented | ||
French with narrow but long sections? Made | by aggressive rivals." Area hit often | ||
to give all access to a river. Survey | with outside conflicts and stresses It has | ||
system used by British colonies? | also played the role of a cold war buffer | ||
23 | D: The spatial structure of the world | zone. EX: Southeast Asia: borders the | |
economic system that includes unequal | "giants" of India and China. One | ||
development – 1 area w/ the greatest | country of the realm, Myanmar, borders | ||
wealth & econ. power…& another | both. To the east, the island State of | ||
area/region which lacks development? Also | Indonesia controls the western half of the | ||
known as the Brandt line Core-periphery A | island of New Guinea, yet the whole island | ||
recent shift in population from urban to | is included in the pacific realm. Another | ||
rural areas? Counterurbanization Number of | EX: Eastern Europe: often invaded, | ||
births per 1000 population? Crude birth | cultural differences. | ||
rate Number of deaths per 1000 population? | 49 | Terms NOT in our book…. 1. | |
Crude death rate Number of deaths of | two-pronged, from 2 + fork: to cause to | ||
children less than age 1 per 1000 births? | divide into 2 branches or parts, to divide | ||
Infant mortality rate Birth rate minus | into 2 branches or parts you can ____ | ||
death rate, expressed as a %? Rate of | rivers, states, regions, gov’ts. bifurcate | ||
natural increase Survey system used by the | 2. Spread of birth control: diffusion of | ||
French? Long lot Survey system used in | fertility control 3. Boundary that follows | ||
British colonies? Metes and bounds. | a geological feature, such as a river or | ||
24 | E Page Survey system that includes | mountain range? Natural boundary 4. | |
division of land into regular pattern of | Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, | ||
squares or rectangles? Wherever a culture | volcanic eruptions are a few examples? | ||
group has modified its environmental | Natural hazards 5. Area of land under | ||
setting – this is the result? Model that | foreign control that is claimed by another | ||
uses graphs of birth & death rates to | country? Irredentism 6. 200 nautical miles | ||
illustrate historical trends of | from a coastal state that can be claimed | ||
population? Shift from manufacturing jobs | for use of the water and sea bottom? | ||
to a service dominated economy? | Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go to | ||
Relationship between the number of active | 350 nm if continental shelf) 7. Provision | ||
workers in a country (age 15-64) & | of UNCLOS that allows for division of | ||
those younger & older than the worker | territorial waters when two countries are | ||
group? Idea that spatial interaction will | closer than 400 nm? medial line principle | ||
decline in intensity with increasing | 8. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a | ||
distance from the origin? The measure of | service dominated economy? | ||
the increase in total jobs based on the | Deindustrializtion (postindustrial economy | ||
ratio between basic employment and total | 9. The measure of the increase in total | ||
employment? Industries that provide goods | jobs based on the ratio between basic | ||
and services to areas outside its center? | employment and total employment? | ||
In an urban setting, the highest land | Multiplier effect 10. Streets & roads | ||
values are found near the city center (or | in urban areas that wander…are NOT grid | ||
CBD). What is the expression of the | patterns, like older pre-colonial cities | ||
relationship between land values & | dentritic. | ||
distance from city center? | 50 | 1. In an urban setting, the highest | |
25 | E: Survey system that includes | land values are found near the city center | |
division of land into regular pattern of | (or CBD). What is the expression of the | ||
squares or rectangles? Township and range | relationship between land values and | ||
Wherever a culture group has modified its | distance from city center? Bid-rent curve | ||
environmental setting – this is the | (usually convex – sharp cost decrease just | ||
result? Cultural landscape Model that uses | inside city center, declines are lower in | ||
graphs of birth and death rates to | areas farther from the center as the curve | ||
illustrate historical trends of | flattens) 2. A concept that states than an | ||
population? Demographic transition model | area will specialize in the production of | ||
Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service | items for which it has the greatest | ||
dominated economy? Deindustrializtion | economic advantage over other areas? | ||
(postindustrial economy) Relationship | Comparative advantage 3. Another name for | ||
between the number of active workers in a | the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how | ||
country (15-64) & those younger & | long ago? __? __ 1st agric. Revolution … | ||
older than the worker group? Dependency | 4. The practice of raising& harvesting | ||
ratio Concept that spatial interaction | fish & other water produce? | ||
will decline in intensity with increasing | aquaculture 5. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong | ||
distance from the origin? Distance decay | Kong, and Singapore? 4 dragons or 4 | ||
The measure of the increase in total jobs | tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigers 6. | ||
based on the ratio between basic | Division of a region or country into | ||
employment and total employment? | smaller administrative units, usually | ||
Multiplier effect Industries that provide | along ethnic lines? Devolution ...or | ||
goods and services to areas outside its | Balkanization. | ||
center? Basic Industries In an urban | 51 | ID each person’s/event contribution: | |
setting, the highest land values are found | Rostow Hoyt Christaller Burgess Ravenstein | ||
near the city center (or CBD). What is the | Hecateus: Von Thunen Mackinder & | ||
expression of the relationship between | Spykman Malthus Zelinsky: Harris & | ||
land values and distance from city center? | Ullman Carter/Begin/Sadat: Samuel Slater | ||
Bid-rent curve (usually convex – sharp | Karl Marx & F. Engels Dalai Lama: | ||
decrease just inside city center, declines | Siddhartha: Joseph Smith: Plessy vs. | ||
are lower in areas farther from the center | Ferguson Jakob Ammam: Aristotle: | ||
as the curve flattens). | 52 | Rostow (model) 5 things needed for | |
26 | F Page: Spread of ideas or innovations | inter. trade: Christaller: Central place | |
from a point of origin? 2 Diffusion Types? | theory Ravenstein (11 laws of migration: | ||
3 Types of E________ diffusion? Common | who migrates & why) Von Thunen (model) | ||
agricultural practice in warmer Asian | agric. & distance to city | ||
regions where two crops are grown on the | (transpor./land cost) Malthus food = | ||
same land within the same year? # of years | arithme. & people = geomet/exponential | ||
it take a population to double? The | Zelinsky: (Demog.trans/migra:2’s migrate | ||
permanently inhabited portion of the | 1’s stay 2’s to 3 & 4) Nicholas | ||
earth? Urban development section outside | Appert: canning 1801 Carter/Begin/Sadat: | ||
of a city – usually along transportation | Camp David Accords (Sinai to Egy.) S. | ||
beltways – that is now self-sufficient? A | Slater brought textiles to US (late about | ||
territory within & surrounded by a | 1800) in New Engl. Karl Marx & F. | ||
different state? A territory outside of | Engels developed communist theory Dalai | ||
its state or surrounded by another state? | Lama: Tibetan religious leader (former | ||
27 | F: Spread of ideas or innovations from | state also Siddhartha: Indian prince who | |
a point of origin? Diffusion 2 BasicTypes | became The Buddha…thru “middle way” Joseph | ||
in ?#1? Expansion and Relocation 3 Types | Smith: Founder of Mormonism Plessy vs. | ||
of Expansion diffusion? Contagious, | Ferguson US court case: separation of | ||
stimulus, hierarchical Common agricultural | races Jakob Ammam: Moravian leader, led | ||
practice in warmer Asian regions where 2 | grp to US; Amish Aristotle: wrld. = round | ||
crops are grown on the same land w/in the | 3 pieces of evidence… Hecateus: Gk. 1st | ||
same year? Double cropping Rate of natural | geography bk Hoyt (ch. 13) developed | ||
increase divided into 70? Doubling time | sector model lo/hi class areas Burgess: | ||
The permanently inhabited portion of the | developed concentric model for urban areas | ||
earth? Ecumene Urban development outside | MacKinder & Spykman: M: Heartland | ||
of a city – usually along transportation | Theory S: Rimland Theory Hoyt: Sector | ||
beltways – that is now self-sufficient? | urban model Harris & Ullman: Multiple | ||
Edge city A territory within and | Nuclei Urban model. | ||
surrounded by a different state? Enclave A | 53 | These models show WHAT? Which is which | |
territory outside of its state, separate | model? | ||
from the main land area of the state? | 54 | What does this model show? What point | |
Exclave. | is it trying to make? | ||
28 | G page: 200 nautical miles from a | 55 | Added terms: Special Economic Zone |
coastal state that can be claimed for use | (SEZ’s): “Open Cities” “Open Coastal | ||
of the water and sea bottom? Farming that | Zones” areas that encourage international | ||
requires a large expanse of land & | investment & trade despite political | ||
unit per land area of production is low? A | differences… BEST EX: China…Shanghai EEZ | ||
culture group that is usually small in | (exclusive econ. Zone): UNCLOS Entrepot: | ||
area & number & very slow to | City that is primarily just a port area | ||
change? Relocated capital city for desire | w/o econ. Activity of its own; Singapore | ||
to unify or promote growth? Restoration of | WAS this way about 40 yrs. ago…but has | ||
run-down dwelling in low-income inner city | changed to industry, etc., as an “Asian | ||
neighborhoods? Complex integrated computer | Tiger” Shatter belt: area(s) caught | ||
programs for data management & display | between 2 more powerful groups who oppose | ||
in map form & in layers? Rural or | each other. Can be cultural (like | ||
natural land sector around many European | linguistic) or political (democratic vs. | ||
cities which limits urban growth? | communistic) -- "a region caught | ||
29 | G: 200 nautical miles from a coastal | between stronger colliding external | |
state that can be claimed for use of the | cultural-political forces, under | ||
water and sea bottom? Exclusive Economic | persistent stress, & often fragmented | ||
zone (EEZ) (may go to 350 nm if | by aggressive rivals.“ EX: E. Europe | ||
continental shelf) Farming that requires a | played the role of a cold war buffer zone. | ||
large expanse of land and unit per land | Also: SE Asia borders the | ||
area of production is low? Extensive | "giants" of India & China. | ||
agriculture A culture group that is | One country in that area, Myanmar, borders | ||
usually small in area and number and very | both. To the east, the island State of | ||
slow to change? Folk culture A | Indonesia controls the western half of the | ||
manufacturing activity that is free to | island of New Guinea, yet the whole island | ||
locate where it wants to be? Footloose | is included in the pacific realm. | ||
industry Relocated capital city for desire | 56 | Heartland (H. MacKinder) vs. Rimland | |
to unify or promote growth? Forward | (N. Spykman) Theory of Geopolitics: 1904, | ||
Capital (or forward thrust capital) | Halford Mackinder published a theory RE: | ||
Restoration of run-down dwelling in | political strength in Eurasia…analyzed the | ||
low-income inner city neighborhoods? | strengths & weaknesses of the regions | ||
Gentrification Complex integrated computer | Concluded the Russian Core & areas | ||
programs for data management and display | east of the core had potential to become a | ||
in map form? GIS Rural or natural land | world power. 1919: revised his theory to | ||
sector around many European cities which | include E. Europe & the theory became | ||
limits urban growth? Greenbelt. | known as Mackinder's Heartland Theory. | ||
30 | H Page: Total value of goods & | Basically stated: - Who rules East Europe | |
services produced within a country on a | commands the heartland. - Who rules | ||
yearly basis divided by population? UN | heartland commands the World Island | ||
ranking of countries based on four | (Eurasia & Africa) - Who rules the | ||
measures of development? ___?__ And what | World Island commands the World. 1942, | ||
are these 4 measures? ___?___ Mechanisms | Nicholas Spykman: countered Mackinder's | ||
that support business operations – such as | Heartland Theory. Spykman stated that | ||
roads, railroads, communication systems, | Eurasia's Rimland, the coastal areas or | ||
water, sewer? Part of the economy that is | buffer zone, is the key to controlling the | ||
not reported to the government or taxed, | World Island, not the heartland. Spykman's | ||
often illegal? A country without any | book, "America's Strategy in World | ||
territory bordering an ocean? Language | Politics" was published during World | ||
used for communication – especially | War II dealt w/ political & military | ||
between peoples who speak different | strength of the USA at that time. Today we | ||
languages? Program to aid economic | look at the Rimland in terms of its | ||
development without destruction of | economic strength & potential, but the | ||
valuable natural resources? ? | book dealt w/ primarily military | ||
31 | H: Total value of gods and services | intervention, control & conquest of | |
produced within a country on a yearly | the Old World. | ||
basis divided by population? GDP per | 57 | enclave & exclave (see next | |
capita UN ranking of countries based on | slide): 1) enclave: an area surrounded by | ||
four measures of development? Human | an area that does not rule it. EX’s: | ||
Development Index (econ., politcal, | Vatican City; Lesotho; Gambia (actually a | ||
demographic, social, ) Mechanisms that | penne-enclave b/c it has a small outlet to | ||
support business operations – such as | the sea): 2) exclaves: parts of a national | ||
roads, railroads, communication systems, | territory separated from the main body of | ||
water, sewer? Infrastructure Part of the | the country EX’s: Alaska; Kaliningrad | ||
economy that is not reported to the | (part of Russia but on Baltic Sea); former | ||
government or taxed, often illegal? | E. Pakistan, separated from W. Pakistan. | ||
Informal sector (EX: drugs/drug | 58 | Enclaves Exclaves. | |
trafficking) A country without any | 59 | Region outlines: Tell about each: | |
territory bordering an ocean? landlocked | Countries ? Where Ethnicities? Neighbors? | ||
Language used for communication – | Religions? Languages? | ||
especially between peoples who speak | 60 | Shapes of states? Name each? | |
different languages? Lingua franca Program | Geomorphology. | ||
to aid economic development without | 61 | Peninsulas? Bodies of water? Islands? | |
destruction of valuable natural resources? | States? Regions? Religions? Ethnicities. | ||
Sustainable development. | 62 | European Rivers. | |
32 | i Page: Economic system that promoted | 63 | Regions Ethnicities? Religions? |
accumulation of wealth by encouraging | 64 | Region? ID countries? Religions? | |
exports and limiting imports? A city with | 65 | Region? ID countries? Religions? | |
more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent | 66 | Region? ID countries? Religions? | |
counties that have at least 50% of their | 67 | Region? ID countries? Religions? | |
population in the metro area? A cohesive | 68 | ID the following (who, what, when, | |
grouping of people who share a political | where?): NATO 16. SEZ’s UN 17. EEZ Warsaw | ||
unit? Boundary that follows a geological | Pact 18. Benelux CMSA’s OPEC EU COMECON | ||
feature, such as a river or mountain | BRP CDR NIR TFR IMR CBR GDP/GNP CBD. | ||
range? Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, | 69 | Religions: Which relates to what | |
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a few | religion, branch, or denomination? Ramadan | ||
examples? Economic dependency in former | Eight-fold Path Caste system 4 Noble | ||
colonies despite gaining political | Truths 5 Pillars Main in Greece & | ||
independence? Number of people divided by | Russia Gurus Imam Patriarch Deities: | ||
the land area? Manufacturing in US owned | Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu Krishna (hero) | ||
border factories in Mexico? Semi nomadic | Ma’kah (Mecca) White cows are sacred (2) | ||
herders who take flocks to higher | Hajj Swastika Lotus is a symbol (2) | ||
elevations in the summer and valleys in | Mandela Kabbah Bible Torah Vedas Qu’ran | ||
winter? ? | (Koran). | ||
33 | Pg i: Economic system that promoted | 70 | NAME that symbol! |
accumulation of wealth by encouraging | 71 | Symbols of 14 religions Clockwise from | |
exports and limiting imports? Mercantilism | N. Pole: Baha'i Buddhism Christianity | ||
A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants | Confucianism Hinduism Islam Jainism | ||
and adjacent counties that have at least | Judaism Shinto Sikhism Taoism Wicca | ||
50% of their pop. in the metro area? | Zoroastrianism Druidism. | ||
Metro. statis. area A cohesive grouping of | 72 | Religious Symbols: Can you name these | |
people who share a political unit? | now? | ||
Nation-state Boundary that follows a | 73 | ID religion. | |
geological feature, such as a river or | 74 | Some good discussion ?’s: Explain | |
mountain range? Natural boundary Floods, | demographic transition model. Which of the | ||
hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, | sections of the demographic transition | ||
volcanic eruptions are a few examples? | model countries are most likely to migrate | ||
Natural hazards Econ. depend. in former | & WHY? Explain the differences between | ||
colonies despite gaining polit. | the major aspects of folk culture & | ||
independence? Neocolonialism Number of | popular culture *In order of less specific | ||
people divided by the land area? | to most specific, organize each of these | ||
Population density Manufac. in US owned | terms in regards to languages…and give | ||
border factories in Mex.? Maquiladoras | English’s category for each: a) branch b) | ||
Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to | family c) group d) subgroup. | ||
higher elevations in the summer and | 75 | Explain in detail why Sub-Saharan | |
valleys in winter? Transhumance. | African countries have so many problems | ||
34 | J Page: 1993 Trade pact between | with development. Discuss the evolution of | |
Mexico, US and Canada? Particular business | the modern concept of the state. 3. A) | ||
functions that are completed outside the | Women & development: What is the GDI | ||
organization (hired out)? Large business | and how does it affect the development | ||
firms based in developed countries that | level of a state? B) What are some of the | ||
have established factories in other | negative aspects of globalization on women | ||
countries? Grazing of sheep and cattle on | in LDC’s? C) What are some of the positive | ||
natural grasslands? Number of people per | aspects in LDC’s? | ||
unit area of arable or cultivable land? | 76 | ||
Large scale commercial agricultural | 77 | Colonial Powers in Africa. | |
operations typically found in LDCs? View | |||
Info and Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM.ppt |
«My country Russia» - It flows into the Caspian Sea. It is the biggest country in the world. The stripes are white, blue and red. Russia is situated on two continents: Europe and Asia. The capital of Russia - Moscow. Russia. Summer temperatures in Russia from +1 to +40, and in winter from -1 to -50 degrees. The red colour has always meant love and bravery.
«Steve Jobs» - Steve Jobs’ Early Life. Для достижения цели Джобс использовал всю свою «волю к власти». Animation studio Pixar. Apple II. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976. Albina Makhneva. Современные модели компьютеров «Apple». Modern models of computers. Анимационная студия Pixar. Стив Джобс был первопроходцем.
«Biography of William Shakespeare» - From “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”. Цели и задачи мероприятия. People often call Shakespeare 'Our National Bard'. В искусстве постижения красоты Шекспир – один из лучших наставников. Translate these phrases. In 1567 Shakespeare went to London to find a job. We have mentioned the main facts in Shakespeare's biography.
«Английский язык дома» - Перевести на русский язык. Помощь по дому. У мамы, папы, сестренки Иришки, есть умный, веселый и славный мальчишка. В доме у нас появилась девчонка! Для сестры –авторитет, смелее мальчишки на свете нет … do- go- make- lay- repair- answer- clean- water- wash-. Написать вторую форму глаголов: grandfather grandmother mother brother sister.
«My family» - Mother - мама. Brother - брат. Aunt - тетя. Grandmother - бабушка. Iris is Richard`s mother. Айрис – мама (чья?) Ричарда. Meet my family. My brothers` names are Bill and Richard. Имена (чьи?) моих братьев – Бил и Ричард. Uncle - дядя. Sister - сестра. Father – папа. Numerals- числительные. Son - сын.
«Music and musicians» - Wilhelm Richard Wagner. Great Britain. Autemn weather. Different countries. Good singers. Paul McCartney. Развитие речевых умений. The Beatles. Classical music. Оборудование к уроку. Music and musicians. Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky. Question to the text. Johann Sebastian Bach. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. People.