Наброски натуры модели домика |
Курсы английского | ||
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![]() Linker Device |
![]() Jigsaw Editor |
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1 | What can you do in the field that you | 12 | Phase 2. Mock up sessions: exploratory |
can’t do in the lab? A study of the | studies conducted in lab houses, in which | ||
‘Tangible Toolbox’. | researchers and participants engage in | ||
2 | What is the Tangible Toolbox? A | mutual learning and collaborative | |
lightweight component model that allows | prototype development. Mock ups were | ||
the user to manage the introduction and | guided by the ethnographic data and | ||
arrangement of new interactive services | architectural concepts derived during | ||
and devices in the home. The Tangible | Phase 1 of product development. | ||
Toolbox was developed as part of the | 13 | Sample data from a mock up session | |
ACCORD project The ACCORD project was a | Bill: I might want to see who’s coming to | ||
2.5-year project ending in June 2003, | the house during the day while I’m at | ||
funded under the Disappearing Computer | work. So I might want to have this (picks | ||
initiative. Partners were The Swedish | up a blank jigsaw piece) as a doorbell, | ||
Institute of Computer Science, Nottingham | yes? Jack: Yes (sketches a Doorbell icon | ||
University, and Acreo. (Swedish Institute | on the blank piece). And when the doorbell | ||
of Computer Science, 2008). | is activated it links to? Bill: A video | ||
3 | Linker Device. With the Linker Device | camera or webcam or something like that. | |
users can explore the properties of a | Jack: Yes a camera, good idea (takes | ||
physical device in the home and link these | another blank paper jigsaw piece and | ||
with properties of other physical devices. | sketches a Webcam icon). Bill: Even | ||
The basic device consists of an iPAQ that | better. If we have that (points to the | ||
talks directly to the shared data space | newly sketched Webcam icon) and the | ||
and a barcode reader that can read | doorbell rings, OK? Then the image from | ||
barcodes placed on interactive devices. | the webcam goes to Jack: A web page? (Jack | ||
4 | Jigsaw Editor. Tablet-based editor | places jigsaw piece showing WebToText icon | |
that discovers available ubiquitous | next to jigsaw pieces bearing sketches of | ||
components and presents these to users as | Doorbell and Webcam). Bill: Or even a | ||
‘jigsaw pieces’ that can be dynamically | picture text message. I suppose you could | ||
assembled and reassembled. | have a picture flashed up on my mobile | ||
5 | An example of ubiquitous computing | (points to his Sony Eriksson T300 and then | |
facilitated by the Tangible Toolbox. Three | replaces the WebToText piece with the | ||
‘jigsaw pieces’- GroceryAlarm, AddToList | SMSRecieve piece) and that shows me just | ||
and SMSSend- are established using the | who’s at the door! Jack: So you’d have an | ||
Linker Device and connected via the Jigsaw | image of who and how many people have been | ||
Editor. GroceryAlarm generates names of | to your home. Bill: Yeah. | ||
missing groceries in the cupboard. It | 14 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | |
detects groceries moving in and out and if | Phase 2. Lab-based mock up sessions guided | ||
one is away more than 30 seconds it is | the outlining of an initial editor based | ||
said to be out. AddToList adds elements | on the assembly of puzzle pieces. Issues | ||
(in this case the missing groceries) to | addressed at this stage included: | ||
the list it publishes into the data space. | Difficulties understanding icons on the | ||
SMSSend sends this list as an SMS to a | puzzle pieces. Suggestions for improving | ||
phone number previously supplied to the | feedback from activating services or | ||
Tangible Toolbox. | connections; such as audio feedback when | ||
6 | Architecture and the Tangible Toolbox. | actions are generated or error sound when | |
“Between the dazzle of a new building and | someone tries to join two incompatible | ||
its eventual corpse… lies the | pieces together. Suggestions for default | ||
unappreciated, undocumented, | and ready-made macros to choose from, | ||
awkward-seeming time when it was alive to | perhaps borrowing/importing macros from | ||
evolution… those are the best years, the | friends or neighbours. | ||
time when the building can engage us at | 15 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | |
our own level of complexity.” (Brand, | Phase 3. The third phase of product | ||
1994). | development sought to bring research | ||
7 | Architecture and the Tangible Toolbox. | efforts back into the real world domestic | |
Stewart Brand’s ‘Six S’s’: Site: where the | environment. paper mock ups allowed users | ||
home is situated. Structure: the | to explore both the assembly of components | ||
architectural skeleton of a home. Skin: | and the identification of new components. | ||
the cladding of a home, e.g. brick, wood. | Semi-structured interviews. | ||
Services: water, electricity, waste, etc. | 16 | Contribution of Theory. Architectural | |
Space-plan: the interior layout of the | theory compounded with ethnographic | ||
home, including walls, doors, cupboards, | research in order to firmly establish the | ||
shelves, etc. Stuff: mobilia or artefacts | relationship between Space-plan and Stuff | ||
that are located within the Space-plan. | in the domestic setting. The concept of | ||
The Tangible Toolbox was developed with a | interplay between Space-plan and Stuff | ||
specific focus on the interplay between | provided the initial direction and | ||
the Space-plan and Stuff in terms of human | rationale for the Tangible Toolbox | ||
interaction. | project. | ||
8 | Principles of product development. Can | 17 | Contribution of Laboratory Studies. |
the potential end-user: See the sense of | Provided researchers with the opportunity | ||
the technology? Recognise the relevance of | to engage in mutual learning with | ||
the technology to practical activities and | participants through controlled mock up | ||
practical circumstances? Determine ways in | scenarios. By establishing pre-arranged | ||
which the technology might be | scenarios, researchers were able to | ||
appropriated? | quickly evaluate the functionality of the | ||
9 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | Tangible Toolbox in a variety of | |
Phase 1. The functional relationship | situations which may never arise in a | ||
between the Space-plan and the Stuff of | particular uncontrolled domestic | ||
the home was theorised firstly by | environment. | ||
considering the results of a number of | 18 | Contribution of Field Studies. | |
ethnographic studies. Several ethnographic | Grounded the development of the Tangible | ||
studies conducted in domestic environments | Toolbox firmly in the real-world domestic | ||
have emphasized the importance of the | environment. Provided a point of covalence | ||
spatial and temporal nature of technology | between theory and domestic technology use | ||
use in the home. The Space-plan and Stuff | which facilitated more focused lab-based | ||
are ‘organizational features’ of | approaches to prototype development. | ||
interaction. | Provided the opportunity to observe the | ||
10 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | efficacy of laboratory-informed | |
Phase 1. Ecological Habitats are places | development decisions in an uncontrolled | ||
where artefacts and media live and where | environment. | ||
household members go to locate particular | 19 | Summary. The purpose of the three | |
resources. (e.g. desks) Activity Centres | phase approach of study was to develop an | ||
are places where artefacts and media are | understanding of the social character of | ||
manipulated and where information is | technology use from a ‘naturalistic’ | ||
transformed. (e.g. sofas) Coordinate | perspective. During phase 1, theoretical | ||
Displays are places where media are | and ethnographic sources constituted the | ||
displayed and made available to residents | foundations of the Tangible Toolbox | ||
to coordinate their activities. (e.g. | project. Phase 2 saw research move into a | ||
notice boards) While discrete, these | laboratory-like setting in order to focus | ||
places often overlap, assuming different | research towards practical product | ||
functions at different times. The | development. Phase 3 saw research move | ||
interaction and interplay of the | back into a naturalistic setting in order | ||
Space-plan and the Stuff of the home | to ecologically validate the findings of | ||
relies upon the assembly and manipulation | lab-house mock ups. | ||
of artefacts and media at various | 20 | References. Brand, S. (1994) How | |
functional sites. | Buildings Learn, New York: Viking | ||
11 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | Crabtree, A. (2003) Designing | |
Phase 1. “While new homes may eventually | Collaborative Systems: A Practical Guide | ||
be purpose-built for smart applications, | to Ethnography, London: Springer Edwards, | ||
existing homes are not designed as such. | K. and Grinter, R. (2001) “At home with | ||
Perhaps homeowners may decide to ‘upgrade’ | ubiquitous computing: seven challenges”, | ||
their homes to support these new | Proceedings of the 3rd International | ||
technologies. But it seems more likely | Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. | ||
that new technologies will be brought | 256-272, Atlanta, Georgia: Springer | ||
piecemeal into the home; unlike the ‘lab | Hansson, P., Humble, J. and Koleva, B. | ||
houses’ that serve as experiments in | (2002) Accord Deliverable D3.2: | ||
domestic technology today these homes are | Understanding and Using the Tangible | ||
not custom designed from the start to | Toolbox Humble, J. et al (2003) “’Playing | ||
accommodate and integrate these | with your bits’: user-composition of | ||
technologies.” (Edwards and Grinter, 2001) | ubiquitous domestic environments”, | ||
These real world constraints make it | Proceedings of the 5th International | ||
necessary for us to complement lab-based | Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. | ||
research and consider how users might | 256-263, Seattle: Springer Rodden et al | ||
bring ubiquitous computing into the home | (2003) Accord Deliverable D3.3: Study of | ||
in the ‘piecemeal’ fashion predicted. | the use of the Tangible Toolbox. | ||
12 | Development of the Tangible Toolbox: | ||
Наброски натуры модели домика.ppt |
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