Social Protection in China |
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1 | Social Protection in China ---- Reform | 16 | “Harmonious society”. |
& Development in the Background of | 17 | 3) New economic situation: Rapid | |
marketization, globalization & | economic growth and the governments’ | ||
urbanization. Prof. Xinping Guan (Nankai | growing financial capacity 4) Rapid | ||
University, China). | industrialization & urbanization after | ||
2 | The Background --The 30-year Economic | entering into WTO ---- Causing more | |
Reform. Before the reform, China had a low | rural-urban migration The changing pattern | ||
economic development with a higher welfare | of economic development: ---- From the | ||
protection The economic reform: to provide | current labour-intensive to the | ||
more economic opportunities and economic | technology-intensive. | ||
security for Chinese people by | 18 | 2. The new ideology and principles of | |
marketization and a more open economy. | social protection. From the | ||
3 | 2. The main trends of Socioeconomic | economic-centered to the “harmonious | |
Changes in China in the last three decades | society” guided More emphasis on social | ||
Marketization: The economic system reform | equity and the human-centered principle | ||
Globalization: The open-door policy | More claims of government’s responsibility | ||
Urbanization: rural-urban migration. | and people’s rights in social protection | ||
4 | II. Institutional Transition in Social | To pay more attention to the social | |
Protection. 1. The Social Protection | protection to the vulnerable groups. | ||
systems before the reform. | 19 | To reinforce the government’s | |
5 | Changes in the urban social protection | intervention, and increase the | |
system. The food guarantee. Food market. | government’s social expenditure. | ||
The job guarantee. Labor market. Public | 20 | Source: China Statistic Yearbook | |
health care. Semi-commercial. Partly user | (2007). | ||
pay. Public education, etc. “Labour | 21 | 3. Some new actions in social | |
insurance”. “Social insurance”. Welfare | protection. The reinforcement and | ||
housing. Housing market. Social Relief for | enlargement of the urban pension system | ||
the “Three Nos”. Before the reform. After | The improvement of social assistance | ||
the reform. Social Assistance for all the | system The further reform of the health | ||
poor. | care system The better provision of | ||
6 | 2. The social protection transition | housing benefits in cities The starting | |
during the reform. | actions to include rural migrant into | ||
7 | Changes in the rural social protection | urban social protection. | |
system. Public (collective) farmland. | 22 | IV. The new social protection agenda | |
Household farmland responsibility. Public | for the next decade. 1. The socio-economic | ||
health care. Commercialized. Public | changes next Structural change in economic | ||
education. Public education. Collective | pattern--- may cause more laid-off | ||
care. Social assistance. “Five Guarantee”. | Urbanization: More rural people move into | ||
“Five Guarantee”. Disaster Relief. | cities Ageing population: Higher need in | ||
Disaster Assistance. Before the reform. | welfare provision. | ||
After the reform. | 23 | 2. The challenges for the next decade. | |
8 | 3. Characteristics of social | Social inequality and the relative poverty | |
protection transition. Partial | Continuous action against absolute poverty | ||
marketization of social services The | The balance of economic competition and | ||
decline of the governmental social | social protection Better social protection | ||
expenditure in the period of the reform. | for the vulnerable groups: The unemployed, | ||
9 | rural migrants, the disabled, etc. Higher | ||
10 | From the traditional universal model | needs in social welfare provisions for the | |
to a more selective welfare system: ---- | emerging “aged population”. | ||
more targeting Institutional gap within | 24 | 3. Policy choices in discussion | |
the urban reduced, but the rural-urban gap | (Institutional arrangements of social | ||
enlarged, and Rural welfare declines. | protection) -- How and to what extent the | ||
11 | 4. The socio-economic explanations. | government should intervene? Welfare vs. | |
Market reform: to have an institutional | Market Universal vs. selective Government | ||
coordination between welfare and economic | vs. NGOs Equality vs. Efficiency Social | ||
systems, and to apply the market mechanism | governance: Global, national, and local. | ||
in welfare system. Globalization: social | 25 | 4. Some significant tasks for the next | |
policy falls into a dilemma when China | decade. Back to the middle way and have a | ||
enters into the globalizing world economy. | developmental welfare system Increase | ||
-- to enlarge the social welfare programs | social protection for the rural people, | ||
to deal with the increasing social | including the rural migrants, based on a | ||
problems; -- to reduce social expenditure. | urban-rural integrated social protection | ||
12 | The political system: the social | system Preparing for the future ageing | |
policy is more sensitive to the | society. | ||
political/social instability and complains | 26 | Thanks. | |
from the worse-off groups. Neo-liberal | 27 | ||
impacts Ideological changes during the | 28 | ||
process of market reform and | 29 | ||
globalization. | 30 | ||
13 | International Economic Competition | 31 | |
Caused by Globalization. Government’s | 32 | ||
Flexibility in Social Policy. Social | 33 | ||
Problems Caused by Marketization and | 34 | ||
Globalization. . Economic Growth. Social | 35 | The development in specific areas of | |
Stability. | social policy. 1. The Development of | ||
14 | 5. The achievement and problems in the | Social Assistance since 2002. | |
economic and social transition in the last | 36 | The Urban Minimal Living Security. | |
three decades. The Achievement A long term | 37 | The Rural Minimal Living Security. | |
economic development and the increase of | 38 | Current social Assistance systems in | |
income per capita Decline of poverty rate | China. | ||
(by both market reform and the public | 39 | 2. Social Insurances. Pension: the | |
actions) Higher living quality and better | current system was established in 1997, | ||
provisions in education, health, etc. for | and reformed and improved since 2001; To | ||
most of Chinese people. | valid the personal account by central | ||
15 | The Problems -- Higher inequality (The | government’s expenditure. The development | |
growing Gini Coefficient) -- “Absolute | of the social insurance programmes of | ||
poverty” still remain, while “relative | medical insurance, unemployment, | ||
poverty increase -- Social protection to | occupational injury and maternity. But the | ||
the vulnerable groups has been relatively | rural social insurance is still in no | ||
decline as a result of the government’s | progress. | ||
social expenditure, especially in health | 40 | ||
care, etc. -- Unable to solve the social | 41 | ||
problem caused by urbanization and the | 42 | ||
rural labor migration -- Latent problems | 43 | ||
in the future “ageing society”. | 44 | ||
16 | III. The New development (since 2002). | 45 | |
Background 1) The government’s stronger | 46 | ||
responses to the negative consequences of | 47 | 2. The new trends for the next decade. | |
the economic and social reform in 1990s | Back to the middle way Towards a | ||
(inequality, Poverty, etc.), and the | urban-rural integrated social policy | ||
intension to solve the problems by a | system Preparing for the future aging | ||
better social protection system 2) The | society. | ||
changing politic-ideological environment: | 48 | Thanks. | |
More emphasis on social equity More | 49 | ||
“human-centered” policy orientation | |||
Social Protection in China.ppt |
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