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The Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party		 Original Members
Original Members		 Origins: The Founding
Origins: The Founding		 Origins: Historical Context
Origins: Historical Context		 Historical Context
Historical Context
Historical Content
Historical Content		 Historical Content
Historical Content
Goals and ideals
Goals and ideals		 Other subgroups: cont
Other subgroups: cont		 Survival programs
Survival programs		 Political activities
Political activities
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The Black Panther Party

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1The Black Panther Party. 11proliferation of other, like minded
2Original Members. The six original organizations. Chicanos or Mexican
members, Nov. 1966 Top left to right: Americans in South California formed the
Elbert Howard, Huey Newton, Sherman Forte, Brown Berets. Whites in Chicago formed the
Bobby Seale Bottom: Reggie Forte, and White Patriot Party.
Little Bobby Hutton. 12Other subgroups: cont. Chinese in the
3Origins: The Founding. Started October San Francisco Bay Area formed the Red
1966 in Oakland, California Founded by Guard. Puerto Ricans in New York created
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale Initially the Young Lords. A group of so called
called “The Black Panther Party for senior citizens organized the Gray
Self-Defense” One of the first Panthers to address human and civil rights
organizations in U.S. history to abuses of the elderly in society.
militantly struggle for ethnic minority 13Survival programs. There came to more
and working class emancipation. than 35 programs in the 1960’s that were
4Origins: Historical Context. They referred to as Survival Programs and were
believed that blacks were obliged to wage operated by Party members under the slogan
fierce survival struggles in the U.S. “survival pending revolution.” Free
Organizations such as the NAACP and UNIA Breakfast for Children Program, which
were created to promote civil rights and spread from being operated at one small
independence for blacks. There were also Catholic church to every major city in
efforts by former slave Booker T. America where there was a Party chapter.
Washington to establish a separate Thousands upon thousands of poor and
socioeconomic scheme for blacks. hungry children were fed free breakfasts
“America’s response to all such efforts every day by the Party under this program.
was violent and repressive and 14Survival programs: cont. Other
unyielding.”. survival programs that existed were: Free
5Historical Context. Some relief came Clinics Grocery Giveaways The manufacture
in 1954 when the Supreme Court ruled, in and distribution of free shoes Senior
the case of Brown v. Board of Education, transport and service programs, Free
that separate was not equal for blacks in busing to prisons and prisoner support and
America (at least with respect to public legal aid programs, among others.
education). Even after Brown blacks 15Political activities. Fought for and
struggled to integrate and become full obtained funds to build 300 new,
partisans in American society. In 1955 replacement housing units for poor people
numerous boycotts and sit ins were being displaced by a local freeway. They entered
held in Montgomery, Alabama. These acts in into a working partnership with certain
favor for civil rights began to further developers to build up the dilapidated
challenge white America as a whole; no downtown city center in order to provide
longer could they over look the growing 10,000 new jobs for Oakland’s poor and
voices of discontent. unemployed.
6Historical Content. Finally, in 1964, 16Political activities: cont. At that
the U.S. Congress passed a civil rights same time, a permanent primary school was
act that outlawed racial segregation in instituted, which was highly lauded by the
public facilities, but it came too late. California legislature, among others. The
Images of nonviolent blacks and other Party briefly merged with the Student
civil rights workers and demonstrators Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, headed
being beaten and water hosed by police, by the fiery Stokely Carmichael. In 1967,
spat on and jailed for protesting social the party organized a march on the
injustices were seen across the nation. California state capitol to protest the
“…Young urban blacks rejected [the idea state's attempt to outlaw carrying loaded
of] nonviolence.”. weapons in public. In order to prove a
7Goals and ideals. The party’s agenda point, participants in the march carried
was the revolutionary establishment of rifles.
real economic, social and political 17Demise of the panthers. The Panthers
equality across gender and color lines. were no longer a progressive political
Black Panther Theory: The practices of the organization calling for an end to a
late Malcolm X were deeply rooted in the racist, class-based society, but thugs
theoretical foundations of the Black with the capacity to incite incredible
Panther Party. Followed Malcolm’s belief damage. While part of the organization was
of international working class unity already participating in local government
across the spectrum of color and gender and social services, another group was in
and united with various minority and white constant conflict with the police. For
revolutionary groups. some of the Party's supporters, the
8The Ten Point Plan. We want freedom. separation between political action,
We want power to determine the destiny of criminal activity, social services, access
our black and oppressed communities. We to power, and grass-roots identity became
want full employment for our people. We confusing and contradictory as the
want an end to the robbery by the Panther's political momentum was bogged
capitalists of our black and oppressed down in the criminal justice system.
communities. We want decent housing, fit 18Demise of the panthers: cont. A
for the shelter of human beings. We want significant split in the Black Panther
decent education for our people that Party occurred over disagreements within
exposes the true nature of this decadent the Panther leadership about how to
American society. We want education that confront these challenges. By the
teaches us our true history and our role beginning of the 1980s, attacks on the
in the present-day society. party and internal degradation and
9The Ten Point Plan. We want completely divisions, caused the party to fall apart.
free health care for all black and Many remaining Panthers were hunted down
oppressed people. We want an immediate end and killed in the following years,
to police brutality and murder of black imprisoned on trumped charges, or forced
people, other people of color, all to flee the United States.
oppressed people inside the United States. 19Where are they now? Black Panthers
We want an immediate to all wars of gathered for their 35th Anniversary on
aggression. We want freedom for all black April 18, 2002, which discussed preserving
and oppressed people now held in the U.S. civil liberties, women in the struggle,
federal, state, county, city and military police brutality, the prison industrial
prisons and jails. We want trials by a complex and a session led by Bobby Seale
jury of peers for all persons charged with on “grassroots organizing in a high-tech
so-called crimes under the laws of the society.” Although the Black Panthers
country. We want land, bread, housing, Party are no longer active, one of the six
education, clothing, justice, peace and members Bobby Seale continues to speak on
people’s community control of modern racism, abusive exploitation, and violence
technology. against women and children.
10International Reaches. The effects of 20References. The Black Panther Party.
the Black Panthers have rippled across Retrieved January 20, 2006 from
many countries, however briefly. www.blackpanther.org Burroughs, Todd
International groups have included the Steven. 2002. “Black Panthers Gather for
Black Panther Movement and the White 35th Anniversary.” Crisis (The New)
Panthers of the United Kingdom, the Black 109:12. Columbia Encyclopedia. 1994.
Panther Party of Israel, the Black Beret “Black Panthers.” Fraley, Todd and Elli
Cadre of Bermuda, the Dalit Panthers of Lester-Roushanzamir. 2004. “Revolutionary
India, and the Black Panther Party of Leader or Deviant Thug? A Comparative
Australia. Clemons & Jones (2001) Analysis of the Chicago Tribune and
concluded that the ideology of the Chicago Daily Defender’s Reporting on the
Panthers, underlined by a commitment to Death of Fred Hampton.” The Howard Journal
self-determination and the elimination of of Communications 15:147-167. Lothian,
all forms of discrimination, found Kathy. 2005. "Seizing the Time:
resonance with oppressed people around the Australian Aborigines and the Influence of
world. the Black Panther Party, 1967-1972.”
11Other subgroups. Black Panther Journal of Black Studies 35:179-200.
coalition and support groups began to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. “The
spring up internationally in Japan, China, Black Panther Party.” Retrieved February
France, England, Germany, Sweden, 27, 2006 from
Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther
Uruguay and Israel. There was a rapid Party.
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The Black Panther Party

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