UNIVERSAL SERVICE – GLOBAL BACKGROUND, SCOPE AND BEST PRACTICES |
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1 | UNIVERSAL SERVICE – GLOBAL BACKGROUND, | 20 | vision center at Rawalpindi hospital and |
SCOPE AND BEST PRACTICES. Nirmita | help make it into a ‘Center of Excellence’ | ||
Narasimhan Centre for Internet and | through expansion in infrastructure, | ||
Society. | recruitment of trained professionals and | ||
2 | Agenda. History Scope of USF USF | making available to the centre, modern low | |
around the world Funding Models Country | vision equipment. To up-grade the low | ||
examples General Observations. | vision center at Sukkur, Sindh by | ||
3 | HISTORY. Term originally coined in | providing it with modern equipment To | |
1913 when AT&T was allowed to be sole | establish low vision centers on the lines | ||
service provider subject to certain | of Rawalpindi and Sukkur at Kohat, Khyber | ||
restrictions Interconnection to all | Pakhtunkhwa. The USF has also signed a USD | ||
networks and not service to all customers | 6.1 million contract with the Pakistan | ||
US Communications Act of 1934 for the | Foundation Fighting Blindness.[1] The | ||
first time established the policy that all | project is aimed at utilizing USF funds to | ||
wired and radio communications services | digitise Audio World Library and establish | ||
should be made available to all citizens | an internet caf? at Darakhshan | ||
at reasonable cost. | Rehabilitation Centre, as well to expand | ||
4 | HISTORY. Present Universal Service - | the foundation’s accessible internet caf? | |
the minimum set of telecommunication | at Islamabad. [1] | ||
services that should be accessible to | http://www.usf.org.pk/Publicphase.aspx?pha | ||
everyone. The International | eid=51&pgid=12&phasename=Project | ||
Telecommunication Union (ITU) in its | with Pakistan Foundation Fighting | ||
second colloquium in 1993 recognized the | Blindness. | ||
elements of universal service to include - | 21 | POLAND. Regulator: The Office of | |
access to telephones, availability and | Electronic Communications | ||
affordability, residual service, | Telecommunications Law of 2004- Universal | ||
information infrastructure and the | Service. Art 81 clause 3 provides for: | ||
provision of specific services. | Fixed telephone services that can support | ||
5 | SCOPE. Initially was used to refer | internet access and fax transmission | |
mostly to fixed telephone service. With | Directory and directory enquiry services | ||
developments in ICT and convergence, its | Payphone services Services for persons | ||
scope has widened to include broadband and | with disabilities Art.89 of the | ||
mobiles in many countries. In many | Telecommunications Law mandates the USP to | ||
countries, persons with disabilities are | provide the following services for persons | ||
expressly recognized as an intended | with disabilities – Terminal equipment | ||
beneficiary of the activities of the fund. | adapted to meet the needs of persons with | ||
In India, USOF covers cellular and | disabilities Facilities which persons with | ||
broadband services. While the Indian | disabilities may require to access | ||
charter does not yet expressly include | universal services such as accessible | ||
persons with disabilities, the USOF | payphones etc. | ||
nevertheless recognizing this as an | 22 | PORTUGAL. Regulator: Autoridade | |
underserved community has decided to fund | Nacional de Comunica??es (ANACOM) The USO | ||
some pilot projects for this group. | in Portugal covers the following services | ||
6 | USF AROUND THE WORLD. Concept of USF | connection to the fixed telephone network | |
exists in 127 countries. Different models | and access to the fixed telephone service, | ||
of funding include: - Centralised fund | supply of public pay phones and provision | ||
with programmes/ schemes- eg. USA and | of telephone directories and a directory | ||
India - USO policy- EU USP - Australia, | enquiries service Article 5.0 of Chapter | ||
New Zealand and Ireland - Pairing of | II of the decree[1] deals with public pay | ||
service areas. | phones. Section 6 makes it obligatory for | ||
7 | FUNDING MODELS. Levies on operators | the service provider to comply with | |
Budget allocations from national budget. | technical norms to guarantee access to | ||
Combination of funding mechanisms: For | payphones in public buildings for persons | ||
e.g. Kenya- levies and allocation. | with disabilities. Chapter IV Article 10.0 | ||
8 | AUSTRALIA. Regulator: Australian | on pricing makes provisions for special | |
Communication and Media Authority (ACMA) | price systems for specificor for | ||
USP: Telstra Division 2 of The | categories of users or services. These | ||
Telecommunications (Consumer Protection | include persons with disabilities. | ||
and Service Standards) Act, 1999 | 23 | PORTUGAL. Portugal covers the | |
prescribes equitable access to standard | following services under USO for persons | ||
telephone services, payphones and | with disabilities - Billing in accessible | ||
prescribed carriage services Section 6 of | formats - Text Relay Services - | ||
Australia’s Telecommunications (Consumer | Information about accessible services - | ||
Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 | Functions and special measures for access | ||
- standard telephone service includes any | to emergency services - Mandating handsets | ||
equivalent form of service required by a | for fixed telephony to be accessible - In | ||
person with a disability who cannot use | addition, service end-users with hearing | ||
the normal means of communication. Telstra | impairments need only pay EUR 30.90 | ||
mandated to provide alternative means of | towards their telecommunication service, | ||
communication like text tele typewriters, | with the remainder subsidized by the USP | ||
volume control phones and hands free | on a voluntary basis. | ||
phones. Priority service- faster | 24 | SLOVAKIA. Regulator: Telekomunika?n? | |
connections, quick repairs and more | ?rad SR (TU SR) Chapter 2 (2) Act of the | ||
reliable connections.(24 hrs in urban | Act 610 on Electronic Communications 2003 | ||
areas and 48 hrs in rural areas). | provides for: Fixed telephony services at | ||
9 | FRANCE. Regulator: Autorit? de | public places that can support internet | |
R?gulation des Communications | access Directory and directory inquiry | ||
?lectroniques et des Postes – ARCEP[] USP: | services Access to pay phones Free and | ||
France Telecom Art. L. 35-1 of the Telecom | uninterrupted access to emergency call | ||
Act 1996 mandates provision of quality | numbers Access to public telephone | ||
telephone service at affordable price. Low | services for persons with disabilities | ||
income and disabled users are recognised | including barrier-free access to pay phone | ||
as “social categories with special needs” | facilities that are fitted with assistive | ||
Pay phones in France have to have: A | technologies. Chapter 2 (3) states that | ||
special button on payphones for blind | information regarding public pay phones | ||
users and persons with visual impairments | and other services available through the | ||
with voice based server with pricing | USO for persons with disabilities must be | ||
information; Listening text public | established in a binding legal regulation. | ||
telephones for deaf users or users with | 25 | SLOVAKIA. Article 2 of the Measure | |
hearing and speech impairments. | states that the designated universal | ||
‘Locomotor’ disabled - devices without | service provider shall ensure that every | ||
door, with lowered position French Govt. | payphone Shall include simple operating | ||
has also announced its intention to set up | instructions Be enabled with buttons that | ||
specific relay service centres for persons | can be identified by visually impaired | ||
with hearing loss. [1] | users Be equipped with multilevel sound | ||
http://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=1&L=1 | amplification Shall facilitate access to | ||
10 | IRELAND. Regulator: Commission for | an operator for hearing impaired users | |
Communications Regulation USP: Telecom | Article 3 states that the USP must ensure | ||
company Eircom, (designated USP until June | that a minimum of 25 per cent of payphones | ||
2012) Eircom’s obligations towards persons | are accessible to hearing impaired users | ||
with disabilities: Provide a dedicated | with hearing aids and ensure that they are | ||
section of its website, accessible from | marked as being so. According to Article | ||
the homepage, with information on the | 4, the USP must provide for users with | ||
services which affect persons with | hearing and speech impairments | ||
disabilities. Maintain a code of practice | Round-the-clock operator service for | ||
regarding the facilitation of services for | assistance A terminal device for access to | ||
persons with disabilities which will be | public telephone services including | ||
subject to periodic review and amendment. | emergency services Article 5 mandates the | ||
Provide inductive couplers for users who | USP to provide free access to information | ||
are hearing impaired, along with | services about telephone numbers to | ||
amplifiers and teleflash visuals. Provide | persons with visual disabilities. | ||
text relay service through the National | 26 | SLOVENIA. USP - Telecom Slovenia USP | |
Relay service under the National | is obligated to provide the following | ||
Association for the deaf programme. | services as per law: Prioritize service | ||
11 | IRELAND. Eircom’s obligations towards | and repair requests from disabled | |
persons with disabilities (continued): | end-users Provide eligible persons with | ||
Offer rebates for text telephone calls | disabilities a 50 per cent discount for | ||
Provide push button telephone sets with | setting up a fixed line connection. Make | ||
speed and automatic redial buttons which | available general information about | ||
will enable allowing pre-programmed | available services including details of | ||
telephone numbers and hands free phones to | tariff in Braille and audio formats Offer | ||
people with dexterity impairments. Provide | eligible persons with disabilities a 5 per | ||
restricted vision telephones and free | cent discount on monthly charges for | ||
Braille billing for people with visual | publicly available fixed telephone | ||
impairments Provide free alternative | services. Make available information about | ||
directory enquiry services. | call costs, remaining balance on prepaid | ||
12 | ITALY. Regulator: Agcom USP : Telecom | etc through voice messages for visually | |
Italia acts as the USP without formal | impaired users. Provide users with visual | ||
designation. Framework for universal | impairments a special number to call at | ||
service is found in the EU universal | for assistance in placing calls at no | ||
service directive Telecom Italia has made | extra charge. | ||
the following services available: Easy | 27 | SWEDEN. Regulator: Swedish Post and | |
activation and repair of services | Telegraphs Agence (PTS) The activities of | ||
Accessible public telephones for consumers | PTS with regard to meeting USOs are | ||
using hearing aids Dome-type public phone | financed via levies applied on service | ||
booths, equipped with a metal bar at the | operators and broadcast license holders. | ||
base allowing for detection with the stick | Programmes and initiatives operational | ||
used by persons with visual impairments. | under the PTS for persons with disability | ||
50 per cent discount on monthly phone | are funded from allocations from within | ||
bills for eligible households having | the national budget of Sweden. Several | ||
persons with disabilities. Total exemption | provisions mandating accessibility for | ||
from telephone charges for households with | persons with disabilities. PTS: Specialist | ||
one deaf person 90 hours of free internet | terminal equipment, relay services, | ||
usage, or a 50 per cent reduction on | accessible billing systems and information | ||
monthly charges for households that | and emergency services SMS112 project: | ||
include one “completely blind” person. | distress calls to emergency number 112 | ||
13 | JAMAICA. The ICT policy gives the fund | using text a message which is in trial | |
the power to support programmes for | state. Audio 4 all :tools for the | ||
vulnerable groups like low income | distribution and navigation of audio | ||
households, the elderly, youth and persons | information which looks at testing | ||
with disabilities. In 2009 the USAF | flexible mediums for dissemination and use | ||
Company provided computers and audio | of audio information by people with | ||
visual media material for 6 schools to the | reading disabilities through computers, | ||
amount of 6 million dollars. | cell phones and broadband television and | ||
14 | KENYA. Regulator: Communications | digital streaming. the e-Adept project, is | |
Commission of Kenya (CCK) Chapter VIB of | looking at ways in which persons with | ||
the Kenya Communications (Amendment) Act | disabilities can independently navigate | ||
2009 lays down for the establishment of | their way in urban environments through | ||
fund to be administered by CCK. Section 3 | digital maps and GPS. | ||
(2) (b) of the Kenya Information and | 28 | THAILAND. Regulator: National | |
Communications (universal Access and | Broadcasting and Telecommunications | ||
Service) Regulations, published in 2010 | Commission NTBC is in charge of | ||
imposes specific obligations on the USP. | administering the USF and according to sec | ||
Presently Kenya’s USF has initiated 6 | 17 of the Telecommunications Business Act, | ||
pilot projects across the country. ICT for | 2001, can demand service providers to | ||
people with disabilities project - makes | provide services for children, elderly | ||
the USF responsible for facilitating | persons and persons with disabilities. | ||
“reasonable” availability and | Designated USPs are required to provide | ||
affordability of “basic and advanced | the following services for persons with | ||
communications systems and services” to | disabilities – Provide a free 30-minute | ||
disabled end users at both the household | phone card per person every month for | ||
and individual levels. | persons with disabilities, low income | ||
15 | KENYA. Some of its projects include: | people and seniors who are registered with | |
Establishing school-based ICT centres in | Ministry of Social Development and Human | ||
secondary education institutions for | Security for 30 months counting from the | ||
disabled students. Setting up an | date of license issuance. Provide at least | ||
accessibility web portal offering | 1 public telephone within 100 meters in | ||
information for and about persons with | radius for low income communities that | ||
disabilities. Conducting an awareness | make a petition. Provide public telephone | ||
campaign to develop suitable guidelines on | and other necessary services for persons | ||
ICT for Persons with Disabilities. CCK has | with disabilities as per act of disability | ||
identified eight institutions for people | B.C. 2544. | ||
with physical, hearing and visual | 29 | UNITED KINGDOM. Regulator: Ofcom In | |
impairments to participate in this | charge of implementing specific measures | ||
programme. The regulator supported the | for persons with disabilities. Specific | ||
supply, delivery, and installation of | conditions imposed on BT and Kingston and | ||
computers, requisite hardware, software, | general conditions on all service | ||
and furniture through the fund and will | providers. Special tariff schemes for low | ||
support internet connectivity in the | income customers A fixed network | ||
schools for a two year duration. | connection which includes internet access | ||
16 | LITHUANIA. Regulator: RRT | Access to public pay phones Services for | |
(Communications Regulatory Authority of | persons with disabilities including text | ||
the Republic of Lithuania ) Chapter 5 of | relay service: USO is currently funded by | ||
the Law on Electronic Communications 2004+ | BT and Kingston[1] who have been | ||
EU US Directive outlines scope of USF | designated as universal service | ||
Article 31 (1)covers the following | providers[2]. The EU directive makes | ||
services: Public fixed telephony and | provision for funding through the NRA in | ||
related services Pay phone services | case the obligation poses an “unfair | ||
Directory enquiry services Accessibility | burden” on the USPs. Text Relay Service is | ||
for persons with disabilities USP is | operated in UK by BT under the USF. All | ||
mandated to ensure that the total number | communications providers must give their | ||
of public pay phones that cater to the | customers access to an approved text relay | ||
needs of disabled end users is no less | service at no extra cost. [1] | ||
than 10 per cent of all pay phones in the | http://www.k-c.co.uk/ [2] | ||
country These payphones must be equipped | http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultat | ||
with instructions for users in large, | ons/uso/main/. | ||
easy- to read font and be illuminated when | 30 | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. USP: USAC, | |
dark The USP also is mandated to install | the company set up by the FCC for | ||
at least one textual public payphone in | administering the USF. USF is run under | ||
every disabled rehabilitation centre First | four broad categories. Funds utilized for | ||
85 euros of the cost of a new handset | subsidizing telecom services in high cost | ||
every five years is covered by the State | areas, for low income persons, for rural | ||
budget. | health care services and for schools and | ||
17 | MALAYSIA. Regulator: Malaysian | libraries. USF administered differently by | |
Communication and Multimedia Commission | different states Discounts on basic | ||
(MCMC) Section 202 of the Communication | telecommunication services are there in | ||
and Multimedia Act, 1998 - set out the | many states like Vermont, Missouri, | ||
universal service provision obligation. | Colorado and Virginia, Wisconsin | ||
USP - identifies persons with disabilities | Telecommunications Equipment Purchase | ||
as an underserved community/ group, which | Programme - vouchers to purchase assistive | ||
does not have collective/ individual | technology necessary to use basic telecom | ||
access to communication. 192 of the Act | services. Access Programme Access to | ||
also states that the Required Application | telecom and information services for users | ||
Service[1] i.e. specific services that | in areas having high service costs, low | ||
service providers are mandated to offer | income users or persons with disabilities. | ||
includes services for disabled consumers. | Technology for education achievement | ||
[1] | programme - schools, libraries and | ||
http://www.skmm.gov.my/link_file/the_law/N | colleges. Newsline. | ||
wAct/Act%20588/Act%20588/a0588s0193.htm. | 31 | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. California - | |
18 | NEW ZEALAND. Regulator: Commerce | California Telephone Access Programme- | |
Commission Telecommunications Service | provides telecommunications assistive | ||
Obligations (TSO) in New Zealand is | technologies and devices for persons with | ||
outlined in Part 3 of the | disabilities. California Relay Service | ||
Telecommunications Act 2001 and | Oregon - Oregon Telephone Relay service- | ||
facilitates specific telecommunication | free relay service operated by Sprint. | ||
services that may not be available | Telecommunication Devices Access | ||
commercially or are unaffordable Govt. of | Programme: loans adaptive | ||
New Zealand has set up a national relay | telecommunications equipment to eligible | ||
service which is being operated by Sprint | residents free of charge. | ||
through 2 call centres. | 32 | GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Persons with | |
19 | PAKISTAN. Regulator: Pakistan | disabilities can clearly be tremendously | |
Telecommunications Authority (PTA) USF | benefited by access to telecommunications. | ||
established as a company. Sec 2 of the USF | Their needs are left unmet by mainstream | ||
Policy document lays down the mandate of | programmes and need specific programmes | ||
the fund to meet the needs of | and financial outlay. Technologies exist | ||
telecommunications services in unserved | to make telecommunications accessible. | ||
and underserved areas throughout the | There are huge percentages of population | ||
country. Like India, does not expressly | which can benefit from accessible | ||
mention persons with disabilities. But in | telecommunications: persons with | ||
section 5, subsection 5.7 under services | disabilities, elderly persons and | ||
to be covered it lays down that the | illiterate persons. Many countries have | ||
contractors are required to provide | implemented projects for connecting the | ||
special services, infrastructure and | disabled, with or without specific policy | ||
special equipment for persons with | provisions. | ||
disabilities. | 33 | GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. Common | |
20 | PAKISTAN. 2008- project titled “ | programmes include- Provision of financial | |
Enabling Persons with Disabilities to use | assistance through subsidies and loans to | ||
telecom services”. Under this project the | purchase ATs Accessible pay phones ICT | ||
fund signed a $25 million contract with | projects in media, health and education | ||
the Al-Shifa Eye Trust to do the following | Customer Care requirements. Relay service. | ||
activities:. To extend support to the Low | 34 | THANK YOU. | |
UNIVERSAL SERVICE – GLOBAL BACKGROUND, SCOPE AND BEST PRACTICES.pps |
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