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Characteristics of British Universities of the 1960’s
Characteristics of British Universities of the 1960’s		 Characteristics of British Universities of the 1960’s
Characteristics of British Universities of the 1960’s		 DAVID LODGE (b
DAVID LODGE (b		 1. Self-classification of authors:
1. Self-classification of authors:		 Introduction to postmodernism - Diego Rodr
Introduction to postmodernism - Diego Rodr
Introduction to postmodernism - Diego Rodr
Introduction to postmodernism - Diego Rodr		 A passer by
A passer by
A passer by
A passer by		 MODERNISM vs
MODERNISM vs		 POSTMODERNISM and FASHION
POSTMODERNISM and FASHION		 POSTMODERNISM and FILM
POSTMODERNISM and FILM		 POSTMODERNISM and MUSIC
POSTMODERNISM and MUSIC
POSTMODERNISM and MUSIC
POSTMODERNISM and MUSIC		 POSTMODERNISM and ARCHITECTURE
POSTMODERNISM and ARCHITECTURE		 1. WHEN WERE THEY ACTIVE
1. WHEN WERE THEY ACTIVE		 ANGRY YOUNG NOVELISTS – REPRESENTATIVES John Barrington Wain - b. 1925
ANGRY YOUNG NOVELISTS – REPRESENTATIVES John Barrington Wain - b. 1925		 Look Back in Anger
Look Back in Anger
Look Back in Anger
Look Back in Anger		 WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS – A. SILLITOE Major writings: The Saturday
WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS – A. SILLITOE Major writings: The Saturday		 POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH		 POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH		 NOVELISTS OF THE 50
NOVELISTS OF THE 50
POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of
POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of		 POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of
POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of		 POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of
POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the major representatives of		 Doris Lessing (b
Doris Lessing (b		 POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:
POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:
POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:
POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:		 POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:
POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:		 POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:
POST-COLONIAL WRITERS:		 TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT		 TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT		 TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT		 TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT
TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT		 VISUAL ARTS
VISUAL ARTS		 VISUAL ARTS
VISUAL ARTS
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA
VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA		 Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling		 Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling		 Salman Rushdie “Novels are not to lay down rules but to ask questions
Salman Rushdie “Novels are not to lay down rules but to ask questions
EFFECTS OF THE SATANIC VERSES
EFFECTS OF THE SATANIC VERSES		 Salman Rushdie’s Style:
Salman Rushdie’s Style:		 Other novels by Salman Rushdie
Other novels by Salman Rushdie		 Other novels by Salman Rushdie
Other novels by Salman Rushdie		 Kazuo Ishiguro “What is history to a nation, memory is to the
Kazuo Ishiguro “What is history to a nation, memory is to the
Ishiguro’s major novels
Ishiguro’s major novels		 ANTHONY POWELL
ANTHONY POWELL		 ANTONY POWEL’S MAJOR WORKS:
ANTONY POWEL’S MAJOR WORKS:		 NOVELS BY CHARLES PERCY SNOW
NOVELS BY CHARLES PERCY SNOW		 ANGUS WILSON
ANGUS WILSON
NOVELISTS OF THE 50
NOVELISTS OF THE 50		 HAVANA
HAVANA		 LITERATURE OF THE 50
LITERATURE OF THE 50		 Lawrence Durrell (1912 - 1990)
Lawrence Durrell (1912 - 1990)		 The Alexandria Quartet
The Alexandria Quartet
William Golding (1911 - 1993)
William Golding (1911 - 1993)		 Lord of the Flies
Lord of the Flies		 Lord of the Flies = inborn evil in people
Lord of the Flies = inborn evil in people		 Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism
Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism		 Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism
Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism
Golding’s Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism
Golding’s Post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism		 PHILIP LARKIN
PHILIP LARKIN		 SEAMUS HEANEY
SEAMUS HEANEY		 (Edward James) Ted Hughes
(Edward James) Ted Hughes		 Controversial poetry of Ted Hughes
Controversial poetry of Ted Hughes
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1MODERN BRITISH LITERATURE. Lectures: 82of pride in identity, so the novel proudly
Mgr. Jana Javor??kov?, PhD. (lectures, Fhv wears its demonic title. The purpose is
– seminars) Seminars: Mgr. Martin Kubu? not to suggest that the Qur'an is written
(Fif – seminars) PaedDr. Jana Javor??kov?, by the devil; it is to attempt the sort of
PhD. (Fhv – seminars) (Externists). act of affirmation that, in the United
2Where to find texts of lectures and States, transformed the word black from
seminars: http://www.fhv.umb.sk katedry the standard term of racist abuse into a
Katedra anglick?ch a americk?ch ?t?di? "beautiful" expression of
?t?dium Kurzy denn?ho ?t?dia Kurzy v cultural pride.
odbore u?ite?stvo ... Mgr. Jana 83Other novels by Salman Rushdie.
Javor??kov?, PhD. Modern? britsk? Concepts: NEWNESS – CHANGE (IDENTITY
literat?ra 1. PASSWORD: mbl1 or mbl2. POLITICS): FOREIGNERS –ALIENS – UNSPOILED
3THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING OF NATIVES CENTRAL AND MARGINAL CULTURES.
THE POST-WAR BRITISH LITERATURE. BEFORE. Novels: The Book of the Pir, 1971 Midnight
WWII. AFTER. ECONOMICS The slump The Children, 1981 Shame, 1983 The Satanic
economics of the gold standard. Full Verses, 1989.
employment Keynes? and Beveridge?s 84Kazuo Ishiguro “What is history to a
economics. John Maynard Keynes: American nation, memory is to the individual” b. in
economist – believed in econ. stimulus 1954 in Nagasaki, Japan moved to Britain
William Beveridge: British economist and in 1960 depicts cultural gap between two
social reformer. cultures graduated from the Univ. of East
4THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING OF Anglia, lives in London. POSTCOLONIAL AND
THE POST-WAR BRITISH LITERATURE. BEFORE. POSTIMPERIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH.
WWII. AFTER. POLITICS Conservative 85Ishiguro’s style: “It is perhaps a
hegemony “Government of men”. Labour sign of my advancing years, that I have
victory (1945) “administration of things”. taken to wandering into rooms for no
Labour victory in 1945: Clement Atlee won purpose.” (Masuji Ono, in: Artist of the
over W. Churchill (Cons.) Atlee: Welfare F.V.) Characters wander through the
State: “from craddle to grave“ or “from “rooms“ of their memories (ellipses,
womb to tomb“. meanders) Distortion of the past and
5THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING OF present Ironical deceptions of memory.
THE POST-WAR BRITISH LITERATURE. BEFORE. 86Ishiguro’s major novels. Novels: A
WWII. AFTER. SOCIETY Class system Pale view of Hills, 1982 An Artist of the
Aristocratic privilege and glitter “THEM” Floating World, 1985 The Remains of the
dependence of women dual system of Day, 1989 The Unconsoled, 1995 Concepts:
education. Classless society Egalitarian FLOATING WORLD – “the night time of
way “US” feminism of the 60?s tripartite pleasure, entertainment and drink.”
system of education (Butskellism) status JOURNEY – the “journey“ motif.
revolution. BUTSKELLISM: blend of Butler 87The Remains of the Day. Set in pre and
and Hugh Gaitskell?s political thought. post-war Britain Narrator: aging butler
6BUTLER EDUCATION ACT. 1944 – Butler Stevens who serves for Lord Darlington.
Education Act passed: (Richard Austen Mrs Kenton – love subdued to duty. THE
Butler, 1902-82) – compulsory education ESSENCE OF BRITISHNESS. Lord Darlington –
under 15 – system of sponsorship for the abosolute loyalty. Stevens’ father –
underprivileged students; latent love. Mr. Farraday – new American
7Characteristics of British master.
Universities of the 1960’s. Formal, 88The Prophet?s Hair. Set in: India, 19-
traditional, conservative, abstract Characters: wealthy moneylender Hashim,
(virtual character of Oxford). Redbrick his son Atta, daughter Huma Plot: Hashim
provincial universities opposed to finds a relic, decides to keep it. Instead
Oxbridge. vs. of good fortune, it brings his family ill
8THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING OF fortune: Hashim turns a bigot, forces his
THE POST-WAR BRITISH LITERATURE. BEFORE. family to ultraorthodox Muslim life.
WWII. AFTER. CULTURE “high vs. low” Contribution: Developing cultural
culture. common culture equalisation awareness: shikara, khichri, phial,
nationalisation decentralisation purdah, mulahs (no endnotes, explanation)
Americanisation Racial integration Combines fantasy and magic (reclic =
Multiculturalism. prophet?s hair – its miraculous powers)
9RESULTS OF BUTLER ACT. POSITIVES: More Satire of religious bigotry
democratic access to education NEGATIVES: (countereffects of the relic, mullahs
ANGRY YOUNG MEN. wanted to lynch Atta for the loss of
10DAVID LODGE (b. 1935). BIOGRAPHY relic, Sheikh?s crippled children were
teacher at the University of Birmingham healed which “ruined them for life“).
(1960 – 1987) His university studies 89Roman fleuve Stream novel River novel.
portrayed in a combination of an Saga. Bildungsroman. LITERATURE OF THE 60’
autobiographical novel, Bildungsroman Out s , 70’s AND 80’s. After experiment with
of Shelter, 1970) and H. James’ new topics (post-imperialism) Experiment
international novel (setting: London – with the form.
Heidelberg). 90Saga Novel. a narrative or a tale of
11LODGE?S STYLE. master of parody (The heroic achievements or extraordinary or
British Museum is Falling Down, 1965; marvellous adventures, e.g. Beowulf a
Changing Places, 1975); parody of V. W.; narrative about the life of a large
J. J.; D. H. L; F. K. Often depicts the family, written over a long period and
Anglo-American cultural gap (Small World, linked together by a character or place,
1984); motivations: sexual intrigue and e.g. Forsyte Saga.
the drive for power; Also wrote 91OTHER EXPERIMENTS WITH FORM. Roman
theoretical handbooks (The Language of Fleuve – stream novel – “river novel“ a
Fiction, 1967) – explaining the term used for a series of novels, each of
methodology of structuralism and which exists as a separate novel but all
empiricism. of which are related because the
12Synopsis of Small World. Setting: characters reappear in each succeeding
Rummidge, everywhere : late 1970?s –early work. roman fleuve was established by E.
1980?s Characters: professors and scholars Zola, H. Balzac and M. Proust the most
in humanities (Perssy McGarrigle, Angelica popular variants: trilogy, tetralogy
Pabbst, Morris Zapp, Phillip Swallow) Bildungsroman - the term used widely by
Genre and tone: academic romance, ironic. German critics, referring to a novel which
13Post-war modernisation of the old is an account of the youthful development
class-ridden and antiquated British of a hero or heroine (David Lodge: Out of
society. END OF LECTURE NO. 1. Shelter).
14BRITISH POST-WAR LITERATURE. VARIOUS 92NOVELISTS OF THE 50?s ANTHONY POWELL,
GENRES, TOPICS, STYLES, MOVEMENTS OR ANGUS WILSON, C. P. SNOW. Novelists of the
MISFITS. 50?s – achieved considerable reputation in
15Six periods/groups according to the 50?s – unique category Common
Gilbert Phelps: “Survivors“ of the 1930’s Features: satiric interest in the changes
: Virginia Woolf, James Joyce “Already in the Great Britain in the 50?s and 60?s
active novelists“ Leslie Paul Hartley disgust with the spread of Western
Post-colonial or anti-colonial novelists: civilisation genre (roman fleuve).
Paul Scott; James G. Farrell; Hanif 93NOVELISTS OF THE 50?s ANTHONY POWELL,
Kureishi Female writers: Muriel Spark, ANGUS WILLSON and CHARLES PERCY SNOW.
Beryl Bainbridge Angry Young Men: John stories of “upper-class hard-heads“
Osborne, J. Wain, J. Braine “Misfits“: started publishing in the 30?s.
John Fowles, David Lodge, Ian McEwan. 94ANTHONY POWELL. (1905 - 2000). Style:
16SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: Serious universal: - 4 volumes of memoirs 3
novels: Graham Greene Comic novels: G. volumes of diaries 2 volumes of literary
Greene Linguistic experimens: Anthony criticisms. educated at prestigious Eton
Burgess Traditionalists: August Wilson Balliol College (Oxford) a friend of
Detective novels: A. Christie Spy novels: Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene started as a
John Le Carr? Political allegories: George film script-writer critic and book
Orwell Sci-fi: Aldous Huxley. reviewer for: the Daily Telegraph; the
17CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION: The Times Literary Supplement; Punch; the
30?s: All the Fun: Carpe Diem philosophy Spectator. Nicolas Poussin’s picture which
of the Jazz Age/Roaring 20?s The 40?s: gives name to the novel.
Extravagance and Reason: war-time escapism 95ANTONY POWEL’S MAJOR WORKS: Novels:
The 50?s: Anger and Fear The 60?s and Afternoon Men, 1931 Venusberg, 1932 A
70?s: Dreams Revived: back to colonial Dance to the Music of Time slowly
past and its effects. developing narrative (narrator: Nicholas
18Before we talk about movemements and Jenkins), set between the 20?s and 50?s a
groups... TWO PROBLEMS: chronicle of British upper middle class a
Self-classification of authors fictionalised war memoir a prose elegy for
POSTMODERNISM - “ownership of the text“. the decline and fall of a ruling class.
191. Self-classification of authors: 96A Dance to the Music of Time. 1. A
Alan Sillitoe (Writer) Author of the Question of Upbringing 2. A Buyer?s Market
original novel and scriptwriter of the 3. The Acceptance World 4. At Lady Molly?s
screenplay for the film. A bestselling 5. Casanova?s Chinese Restaurant 6. The
novelist for the past 40 years, Alan Kindly Ones 7. The Walley of Bones 8. The
Sillitoe has lately produced his Soldier?s Art 9. The Military Philosophers
long-awaited sequel to that first novel, 10. Books do Furnish a Room 11. Temporary
Birthday (Flamingo, 2002). Classification Kings 12. Hearing Secret Harmonies.
of authors is not easy. Take, for example 97A Dance to the Music of Time.
Alan Sillitoe. He is a “typical“ Metaphor: Conformism of those who „dance
representative of the literary group to the music of time“ Parody of English
called “Angry Young Men“ : Sillitoe political, social and military life.
himself was born to a working class family 98A painting by Nicolas Poussin. Seasons
but was able to pursue in his studies at a hand in hand Symbolising: Passing of time,
university due to a state sponsorship His Human mortality. Dance Symbolises
main representatives followed the same Partmership – its twists and turns.
carreer (e.g. Arthur Seeton) He wrote most 99Charles Percy Snow Baron Snow of
of his novels during the highlights of the Leicester (1905 - 1980). educated as a
„Angry Young Men“ period. However, he chemist and physicist at the Univ. of
refused to be labeled an “angry young Leicester held important positions in the
man“. British Government. Style: rational,
202. MODERNISM vs. POSTMODERNISM. atheistic, scientifically exact,
MODERNISTS: James Joyce; V. W.; Edward M. influenced by the genre of detective
Foster; G. G.; J. Conrad POSTMODERNISTS: stories - conflict between the sciences
Muriel Spark; Beryl Bainbridge; David and the humanities (The Two Cultures).
Lodge CHRONOLOGY: End of the 19th ct. – 100NOVELS BY CHARLES PERCY SNOW.
MODERNISM 1920?s – highlights of MODERNISM Strangers and Brothers, 1940 – 1970 -
1940?s – POSTMODERNISM 1960?s – highlights eleven novels in the series - narrated by
of POSTMODERNISM POSTMODERNISM: deflection 'Lewis Eliot'. - follows his life and
from established rules: double names, career from humble beginnings in an
characters conventions, form: pastiche English provincial town, to London lawyer,
style: syntax, sentence structure. to Cambridge don, to wartime service in
21POSTMODERNISM – BASIC THOUGHTS. Whitehall, to senior civil servant and
MODERNISM: STRUCTURALISM Language is a finally retirement. The Masters, 1951 The
system of signs. Writing is encoding, New Men, 1954 Last Things, 1970.
Reading is decoding. Text has THE MEANING. 101ANGUS WILSON. b. 1913 Style: -restless
MODERNIST EXPERIMENT: sub-trends: experimentation with: REALISM (Hemlock and
surrealism, old avant-garde POSTMODERNISM: After, 1952) FABLE, ALLEGORY (The Old Man
POSTSTRUCTURALISM,DECONSTRUCTION Language at the ZOO, 1961) Topics: criticised
is asystematic. Every decoding is another SOCIETY ; society understood holistically
encoding. Text has A MEANING. POSTMODERN favoured NATURE – source of stable values
EXPERIMENT Novel ? anti-novel, noveau Characters: (3 groups) PRINCIPAL PLAYERS
roman Poetry ? concrete poetryDrama ? SUPPORITNG ROLES ADDITIONAL CAST.
total theatre LITERARY CRITICISM: Marxist 102NOVELISTS OF THE 50?s - GRAHAM GREENE.
criticism, Feminist criticism, New b. in 1904 to the family of a Headmaster;
criticism. studied at Balliol College, Oxford; editor
22Introduction to postmodernism - Diego of the Oxford Outlook, The Times, The
Rodr?guez de Silva y Vel?zquez. LAS Spectactor; during WWII an employee of the
MENINAS: THE MAIDS OF HONOUR. 1599-1660. Ministry of Information. Style: 1.
23Who/what are the people in the Catholicism; 2. Exotic settings (Cuba,
painting looking at? How many figures are Estonia); 3. Spy novels, double agents; 4.
there? /Notice the sources of light/ 3. Greenland.
Where are you standing? A passer by - you. 103GRAHAM GREENE’S STYLE. Greenland – the
c) Another painter. b) Somebody else, e.g. term describing specific atmosphere in
a royal couple, infant’s parents, a joker, Greene?s novels: “… the sweat and
etc. infection, the ill-built town which is
24A passer by. The passer by, be it you beautiful for a few minutes at sundown,
or whoever else, represents the OBSERVER the brothel where all men are equal, the
of the scene. Metaphorically, he vultures… the snobbery of the 2nd class
symbolises the READER while the scene public schools, the law which all can
represents the TEXT. evade, the everpresent haunting underworld
25How many figures are there? 8. 9. 7. of gossip, spying, bribery, violence and
1. 4. 2. 6. 3. 5. betrayal…“ Evelyn Waugh Technique of
26How many figures are there? 9 10. 8. writing/narration: Camera Eye – recording
9. 7. 1. 2. 6. 3. 5. MEANING. you. you. significant details (absolutely objective
MIRROR. 4. narrative, no judgemental voice).
27Jacques Foucault: Words and Objects 104HAVANA. atmosphere of greenland.
PAINTING SERVES AS A METAPHOR... THE ...the sweat and infection, the ill-built
PAINTING = THE TEXT YOU = THE READER THE town which is beautiful for a few minutes
NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN THE PAINTING = THE/A at sundown, the brothel where all men are
MEANING OF THE PAINTING/ TEXT SOMETHING equal, the vultures… the snobbery of the
THE READER HAS TO ADD BYTHE PROCESS OF 2nd class public schools, the law which
THINKING, REFLECTING, ETC. all can evade, the everpresent haunting
28MODERNISM vs. POSTMODERNISM. underworld of gossip, spying, bribery,
Postmodernism is a new trend in arts that violence and betrayal…“ Evelyn Waugh.
expands to many genres, for example to 105GRAHAM GREENE’S MAJOR WORKS. Novels:
architecture, painting, music, fashion or Early Years: 1929, The Man Within Pre-WWII
literature. „. “Postmodern attitude“can be novels: 1938, Brighton Rock 1939, The
well illustrated by a paining by Diego Confidential Agent 1940, The Power and the
Velasquese. Glory. Post-WWII novels: 1948, The Heart
29POSTMODERNISM and FASHION. Lacroix of the Matter 1951, The End of the Affair
Goes Giddy for The Kitsch and Kiddy 1955, The Quiet American 1958, Our Man in
Lacroix likes to dress his women like a Havana 1969, Travels with my Aunt 1973,
fantastic mix between Peter Pan, Alice In The Honorary Consul.
Wonderland and A Mid-Summer Nights Dream. 106Our Man in Havana. Parody of a spy
If you’re looking for a lighthearted dress novel Based on G. G’s experience during
that oozes childhood sentimentality then WWII Set in Cuba Story of an underdog
Lacroix is your man. I like this dress the Wormold Selling vacuum cleaners mistaken
best, it so reminds me of Alice – are you for military plans of nuclear bombs
ready for the rabbit hole? Becomes Secret Agent 5920015.
30POSTMODERNISM and FASHION. EXPERIMENT. 107There were eight Japanese gentlemen
COLAGE OF STYLES (fairy tale vs. ballet having a fish dinner at Bentley?s. They
vs. surrealist wedding dress). AMBIGUITY. spoke to each other rarely in their
EXISTENCIALISM. mockery. QUESTIONS incomprehensible tongue, but always with a
TRADITIONAL VALUES. courteous smile and often with a small
31POSTMODERNISM and FILM. EXPERIMENT. bow. All but one of them wore glasses.
COLAGE OF STYLES (detective story vs. love Sometimes a prety girl who sat in the
story vs. pulp fiction). AMBIGUITY. window beyond gave them a passing glance,
EXISTENCIALISM. QUESTIONS TRADITIONAL but her own problem seemed too serious for
VALUES. PARODY OF A TRADITIONAL GANGSTER her to pay any real attention to anyone in
FILM. the world except herself and her
32POSTMODERNISM and MUSIC. EXPERIMENT. companion. a) Objective narrator b)
COLAGE OF STYLES. AMBIGUITY. Subjective narrator c) 1st person narr. d)
EXISTENCIALISM. QUESTIONS TRADITIONAL 3rd person narrator.
VALUES. 108LITERATURE OF THE 50?S AND 60?S -
33POSTMODERNISM and ARCHITECTURE. EXOTIC NOVELS. 50’s – 60’s – Period of the
EXPERIMENT. COLAGE OF STYLES. AMBIGUITY. “Dreams revived“ Inspiration by the
EXISTENCIALISM. QUESTIONS TRADITIONAL colonial past, (Lawrence Durrell) exotic
VALUES. countries, (William Golding) utopia,
34...meaning is not: inherent to the dystopia and sci-fi (Eric Arthur Blair –
text “given“ or “pre-conceived“ by the George Orwell) – George Orwell).
writer controlled by renowned literary 109Lawrence Durrell (1912 - 1990). b. in
critics. Jullundur, northern India to his English
35...meaning is: WHAT READERS ADD TO THE father and Irish-English mother result:
TEXT YOUR INTERPETATION BASED ON YOUR inclination toward “Tibetan mentality“;
UNIQUE PERSONAL EXPERIENCE. END OF LECTURE mixed nationality sent to England at the
NO. 2. age of 11 to be formally educated there
36ANGRY YOUNG MEN - NOVELISTS WHEN WERE missed Southern climate and way of life,
THEY ACTIVE? 2. WHO WERE THEY? 3. WHAT/WHO moved to Corfu fled Greece in 1941 just
DID THEY WRITE ABOUT AND AGAINST? LECTURE ahead of Nazi army Press attach? in the
NO. 3. British Information Office in Alexandria,
371. WHEN WERE THEY ACTIVE? Active in Egypt (Belehrad and Rhodes) A teacher of
the 50?s: 1951: Leslie Paul?s English literature in Cyprus Deeply
autobiography: The Angry Young Men 1956: touched by the death of his wife and
8th May – premi?re of Look Back in Anger daughter.
Characteristics of the period: “the 110Lawrence Durrell (1912 - 1990). Style:
individual has been devalued, like the Influenced by Henry Miller (naturalism),
pound“ (L. P. Hartley) people still H. D. Lawrence (sexual openness)
feeling the hangover of the war culture Fascination for the Far East (oriental
was in crisis: narrowness and pessimism of folklore, habits) Modernist fiction
novels. John Osborne. (philosophical point of view) Novels: Pied
382. WHO WERE THEY? The writers Piper of Lovers (pseudonym: Charles
themselves and their characters were: • Norden) Panic Spring, 1937 Bitter Lemons.
Young, needy, intellectuals • 111The Alexandria Quartet. The Alexandria
Disillusioned • Displaced • Conformists Quartet: Justine, 1957 Balthazar, 1958
(contrast to the Beat Generation). Defined Mountain Olive, 1958 Clea, 1960 Subject:
themselves against: a blend of homely the expression of love: pure love, incest,
sensibility; upper class aloofness; rape, infant prostitution, lesbian love,
liberal politics; avant-garde literary homosexuality. Specific expressions of L.
device. G. Dartley?s love to Justine (passion),
39Wrote about : An angry young Melissa (affection), Clea (healing love),
anti-hero: working class origin boorish Mount Olive (friendship). The Revolt of
rather than well behaved rudely angry Aphrodite: 1. Tunc, 1968 2. The Avignon
rather than angry philistine rather than Quintet, 1974-85.
arty Other dominant topics: rise of a 112William Golding (1911 - 1993). b. in
working class man into the upper middle Newquay, Cornwall graduated from Oxford
class hurdles of education, upbringing and University during WWII joined the military
accent. 3. WHO/WHAT DID THEY WRITE ABOUT service 1983 - Nobel Laureate in
AND AGAINST? Literature Style: influenced by Greene?s
40ANGRY YOUNG NOVELISTS – religiosity: original sin, evil in people
REPRESENTATIVES John Barrington Wain - b. Interested in existential rather than
1925 in the English Midlands graduated national issues: “I should have thought
from Oxford - professor of poetry at that a pack of British boys… would have
Oxford (1973 – 78) a member of the been able to put up a better show than
Inklinks (an Oxford literary group) Hurry that”. called his writings “fables“ or
on Down, 1953 – a picaresque novel Living “myths“; also writing moral allegories:
in the Present, 1955 The Contenders John post Darwinist and post Wellsian pessimism
Braine b. 1922 in Bedford, Yorkshire; d. excessively using symbolism.
1986 Room at the Top, 1957; Life at the 113Novels by W. Golding. Poems, 1934 The
Top, 1962; The Jealous God, 1964; Stay Inheritors, 1955 Pincher Martin, 1965 Free
with Me till Morning, 1970; Writing a Fall, 1959 The Spire, 1964 The Lord of the
Novel, 1974; Finger on Fire, 1977. Flies, 1954. EVIL IN MEN. OUTSIDERISM.
41ANALYSIS OF MAJOR NOVELS BY ANGRY CORRUPTION OF POWER. INNER SAVAGERY.
YOUNG MEN: John Wain: Hurry on Down - SOCIAL RULES AND ABSENCE THEREOF.
bestseller. Genre: picaresque novel, 114Novels by W. Golding. „Man produces
partly autobiographical. Main character: evil like a bee produces honey“ An
Charles Lumley – university graduate outsider often draws attention away from
unable to fit in. Jack of all trades: predators’ mistakes People need an
smuggler. driver. bouncer. hospital absolute monarch. EVIL IN MEN.
orderly. OUTSIDERISM. CORRUPTION OF POWER. INNER
42ANALYSIS OF MAJOR NOVELS BY ANGRY SAVAGERY. SOCIAL RULES AND ABSENCE
YOUNG MEN: John Brain: Room at the Top – THEREOF.
bestseller Life at the Top – sequel. 115Lord of the Flies. Subject: collapse
Style: open – X-rated in the USA. Main of civilisation: transition from civilised
character: Joe Lampton – an army vet, to barbaric Inspired by Robert
town-hall clerk. “the running fight Ballantyne?s Coral Island (1858), Jules
between himself and society had ended in a Verne, Daniel Defoe and sci – fi Setting:
draw“. Not unlike Clyde Griffits (American unspecified - Indian – Pacific Ocean –
Tragedy, Theodore Dreiser). Loves two time: WWII (?).
women. rich Susan Brown - Seduces and 116Lord of the Flies = inborn evil in
marries her. poor Alice Aisgill. people. Nemesis (in Greek, ???????), was
43ANGRY YOUNG NOVELISTS – OTHER the spirit of divine retribution against
REPRESENTATIVES. Colin Wilson: The those who succumb to hubris, vengeful fate
Outsider; Kingsley Amis: Lucky Jim; Allan personified as a remorseless goddess. The
Sillitoe: Loneliness of the Long Distance name Nemesis is related to the Greek word
Runner Stan Barstow: A Kind of Loving ???????, meaning "to give what is
David Storey: This Sporting Life Keith due". The Romans equated one aspect
Waterhouse. of Greek Nemesis, which might be
44ANGRY YOUNG MEN - DRAMATISTS. John interpreted as "indignation at
Osborne Life: (b. 1929 in London) educated unmerited advantage", as Invidia
at "a rather cheap boarding (Aronoff 2003). Nemesis is now used as a
school" former actor in provincial term used to describe one's worst enemy,
repertory companies founding member of the normally someone or something that is the
"A. Y. M." group. exact opposite of oneself but is also
45ANGRY YOUNG MEN - DRAMATISTS. John somehow similar. For example, Professor
Osborne Characteristics of Osborne's style Moriarty is frequently described as the
primitive dramatic skills; "kitchen nemesis of Sherlock Holmes.
sink" drama; mood of frustration: 117Post Darwinist and post Wellsian
anarchic, cynical, nihilistic anti-heroes, pessimism. LoF shows the downfall of
social misfits. Major plays and novels The civilisation (from civilised to barbaric).
Entertainer, 1957 - comic Archie Rice; Herbert Spencer had published The
Luther, 1961; Inadmissible Evidence, 1964; principles of biology in 1864. In that he
A Patriot for Me, 1965 Autobiography: A referred to 'survival of the fittest'
Better Class of Person. twice. Charles Darwin Origin of Species
46Look Back in Anger. Richard Burton as (1869) The Survival of the Fittest.
Jimmy Porter, the speaker of the 118Golding’s Post Darwinist and post
generation: "Nobody thinks, nobody Wellsian pessimism. Herbert George Wells
cares, no beliefs, no convictions and no „The Father of Sci-fi“ Author of: The Time
enthusiasm“ MAJOR ISSUES: conflict of Machine The War of Worlds The Invisible
generations, social classes and opposite Man The Island of Doctor Moreau. Believed
sexes: conflict of the "sycophantic, that technology does not make a man
phlegmatic and pusillanimous” world of happier.
upper class and Jimmy's private, 119Symbolism in Lord of the Flies.
"loose" morality. John Osborne. English cathedral choir schoolboys -
47? JIMMY PORTER: A tall, thin young man microcosm Piggy, glasses: intelligence
about 25. A mixture of sincerity and Ralph, the conch – democracy Simon – Jesus
cheerful malice, of tenderness and Roger – Evil, Satan Jack – anarchy The
freebooting cruelty, restless, island – a microcosm The beast – evil,
importunate, full of pride, a combination residing within everyone Lord of the Flies
which alienates the sensitive and the – the Devil Other authors: Malcolm Lowry:
insensitive alike. Jim hates: Jim loves: Under the Volcano.
ALISON PORTER: Tall, slim, delicate, with 120BRITISH POST-WAR POETRY. SEVERAL
surprising reservation in her eyes “I was MOVEMENTS EMERGED. THE MOVEMENT. THE
wrong! I don’t want to be saint. I want to GROUP. THE MARTIANS. THE REVIEW. THE
be a lost cause. I want to be corrupt and UNDERGROUND. TED HUGHES. SEAMUS HEANEY.
futile“. Sundays Sunday ironing 121THE MOVEMENT. - dominated in the 40's
Pretentionus editorials Sycophantic, - 50's; - manifesto of THE MOVEMENT:
pusillanimous people. collections: "Poets of the
48WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS 50's", 1955 and "New
Representatives: 1. Working-class origin Lines", 1956 P. Larkin: I believe a
writers 2. novelists writing about the poet has to enjoy writing poetry and the
working class. Allan Sillitoe b. 1928 in readers enjoy reading it, or they are both
Nottingham son of an illiterate tannery wasting their time. (The Times, 1964).
laborer father unemployed during 122I had suggested, in exasperation, that
Depression - financial problems left he finds Something other to write about
school at 14 - earned money in RAF the moon, and flowers and birds, and
(Malaya) Style: versatile author: plays, temples, And the bare hills of the once
poems (The Rats and Other Poems, 1960) holy city - Through the leprous lakes of
over 50 essays, children?s books: mud. (Changing the Subject). The poet.
character of Marmelade Jim labelled also Should seek more serious topics. Struggle
as an AYM advocate of the social function with life.
of novels (like J. Galsworthy, E. Zola) 123Artistic manifesto of the Movement.
realistically portrayed working-class Philosophy of the Movement. Influences:
heroes. W.Butler Yeats; W.H.Auden; Edwin Muir; *
49Allan Sillitoe Style: versatile Disillusionment * Empirism * Subjectivity,
author: plays, poems (The Rats and Other intimacy, privacy * Intellectualism *
Poems, 1960) over 50 essays, children?s Specific target: poets, churchgoers,
books: character of Marmelade Jim labelled mourners * Rational, logical language *
also as an AYM advocate of the social Representatives: educated, Oxbridge
function of novels (like J. Galsworthy, E. graduates.
Zola) realistically portrayed 124Intimacy. Existential topics. Sharp
working-class heroes. observations on life. And why should this
50WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS – A. SILLITOE chain of miracles be easier to believe
Major writings: The Saturday Night and Than that my darling should come to me as
Sunday Morning, 1958 depicts a weekend of naturally As she trusts a restaurant not
a young laborer Arthur Seaton (an to poison her?" This man I knew Only
anti-hero) local colour Loneliness of a a little, by his death Shows me a love I
Long-Distance Runner, 1959 a collection of thought I lacked... For finished work,
stories (Uncle Ernest) Raw Material, 1972 like answered prayer, makes death taste
autobiographical features. sweet. Vivid SIMILES.
51Allan SILLITOE: Loneliness of a 125MEMBERS OF THE MOVEMENT. 1. Robert
Long-Distance Runner, 1959 Style: – rich Conquest “A World of Difference“, 1955;
in inner monologues – slang – local colour "Arias from a Love Opera", 1969
(dialects, regionalisms) - Symbol of "Forays", 1979 2. Philip Larkin:
protest against those in power – upper Whitsun Weddings 3. D. J. Enright 4.
classes. Shows inner rebelion. Elisabeth Jennings “Poems“, 1953; “A Way
52Allan SILLITOE: Loneliness of a of Looking“, 1955; A Sense of the
Long-Distance Runner, 1959 Style: – rich World" 5. Kingsley Amis Poems:
in inner monologues – slang – local colour "The End" 6. John Wain
(dialects, regionalisms) -. “Come on , "Mixed Feelings", 1951; "A
Smith“, Roach the sports master called to Word Carved on a Sill", 1956; Weep
me, “we don?t want You to be late for the before God, 1961 7. Thom Gunn "On the
big race, eh? Although I dare say you?d Move", 1966; "The Sense of
catch them up if you were“ ... So the big Movement" 8. John Holloway - literary
race it was, for them, watching from the criticism 9. Donald Davie - literary
grandstand under the fluttering Union criticism.
Jack, a race for the governor, that he has 126PHILIP LARKIN. - b. 1922 in Coventry,
been waiting for, and I hoped he and all died 1985; - studied at Oxford, St. John's
The rest of his pop-eyed gang were busy - librarian in Belfast, Leicester. Style:
placing big bets on me, hundred to one to Days What are days for? Days are where we
win, all the money they had in their five. They come, they wake us Time and
pockets All the wages they were going to time over They are to be happy in: Where
get for the next five years and the more can we live but Ah, solving that question
they placed , the happier I?d be. Brings the priest and the doctor In their
53Allan SILLITOE: Saturday Night and long coats Running over the fields.
Sunday Morning. Saturday nights. Sunday Collections: “The North Ship", 1945
mornings. wild parties, drinking, dating “The Less Deceived“, 1955 “The Whitsun
women. repenting – gone fishing. Weddings“, 1964 “High Windows“.
Conformist lifestyle: No motivation 127Days What are days for? Days are where
ambitions, enthusiasm, beliefs. Shows we live. They come, they wake us Time and
nihilism, resignation of WC. ARTHUR time over They are to be happy in: Where
SEATON. married, older – Brenda. younger can we live but Ah, solving that question
Doreen. Brings the priest and the doctor In their
54WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS – OTHER long coats Running over the fields. MOTIFS
REPRESENTATIVES Sid Chaplin b. 1916, OF PANTA REI. ANAPHORA. METAPHYSICAL
Shildon, Durham - d. 1980 the son of a FOUNDATIONS. TABOO QUESTIONS. RHETORIC
coal miner, working in mines at 15 QUESTION.
obtained education from the worker?s 128DENNIS JOSEPH ENRIGHT - b. 1920.
Educational Association (Durham) writing Style: comic, funny verses Collections:
since 1950?s Durham mining community "The Laughing Hyena", 1953
writings: The Leaping Lad, 1964 The Thin "Bread Rather than Blossoms",
Seam, 1950 The Day of the Sardine, 1961 1956 “The Old Adam", 1965
The Mines of Alabaster, 1971 Other "Unlawful Assembly", 1968 “The
writers: Mervyn Jones: Holding On. Terrible Shears",
55WORKING CLASS NOVELISTS – OTHER 129MINOR MOVEMENTS AND LITERARY TRENDS:
REPRESENTATIVES Sid Chaplin Durham mining THE UNDERGROUND. Loose groups also called
community writings: The Day of the “The Liverpool Poets” Representatives:
Sardine, 1961 ARTHUR HAGGARSTON: – his Adrian Henri, Roger McGough TOPICS:
journey to adulthood – conflict between Criticism of “the Establishment” Formed
him and his tedious, repressive employer – since the 1960?s Influenced by the Beat
the only way out of stereotype: gangs, Generation, jazz, William Blake, dadaism,
violence. surrealism Collections: Love, love, love,
56COMPARISON OF AYM and WCN. AYM Jim love, 1968; Children of Albion, 1969.
Porter Jim Dixon (comic). WCN Smith Uncle 130THE REVIEW. - Their manifesto:
Ernest (serious). Social rank/ education. magazine - Reaction to the Movement -
WC but univer. graduate. Little education Confessional poetry and dramatic lyrics of
- criminals. Family background Social Alfred Alvarez.
status. Do have a family/ misfits by 131THE MAVERICKS. - Opposition to the
choice. No family, at the subsistance Movement - their anthology: The Mavericks
level. Reasons for their frustrations. - representatives: Ian Silkin (Nature with
Social misplacement anger. Impoverished Man, 1965) TONE: reflexive, meditative
life resignation. poetry about the North of England and its
57WHO HAD A BETTER REASON TO PROTEST? nature.
Who did? COMPARISON OF AYM and WCN. ANGRY 132- collection: A Martian Sends a
INTELLECTUALS “LOUDMOUTHS“. UNEDUCATED Postcard Home, 1979 - representatives:
WORKERS, WHO WERE OFTEN CRIMINALISED AND Craig Raine. THE MARTIANS or THE MARTIAN
DEMONISED. SCHOOL.
58POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH. 133SEAMUS HEANEY. “...poetry as
PAKISTAN. CANADA. INDIA. CEYLON. MALAYSIA. revelation of the self to the self, as the
GUYANA. AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND. TASMANIA. restoration of the culture to itself,
EGYPT, SUDAN, SOUTH AFRICA, NAMIBIA... poems as elements of continuity...” (1976)
http://images.google.sk/imgres?imgurl=http - b. in Ireland (Conn Derry), 1939 -
//www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/post/icons/post. studied in Belfast at Queen?s University -
if&imgrefurl=http://www.scholars.nus.e teacher, later the Head of the Department
u.sg/post/&h=255&w=428&sz=26&a in Dublin 1995 – awarded the Nobel Prize
p;hl=sk&start=71&tbnid=jZzvTNwkMbO Style: - prolific, near-demonic poet -
RM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=126&prev=/ima simple but strong - anti-human -
es%3Fq%3Dicons%2B%252B%2Bliterature%26star reflections of the experience of human
%3D54%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsk%2 cruelty - psychic drama.
lr%3D%26sa%3DN. 134SEAMUS HEANEY’s APOLITICAL POETRY. 1.
59NOVELISTS OF THE 50?s – DISSOLUTION OF APOLITICAL POETRY: Traditionalist: images
THE EMPIRE 1. What were the reasons for of farms, diligence, animals, nature
decolonization and its results? Two Language: robust, uses dialects,
reasons for decolonization: 1. Imperialism archaisms, experiments with assonance
grew unpopular 2. Finance Milestones in Prosody: unrhymed, American free verse
decolonization: 1947 – independent India form inspired by neonaturalism of Ted
1956 – “Suez fiasco” 1960?s – conflicts in Hughes, Robert Lowell Collections: - Death
Malaya, Cyprus – Falkland Islands crisis of a Naturalist, 1966 Wintering Out The
Results of decolonization: 1. loose North, 1975 Field Work, 1979.
association - Commonwealth 2. mass 135SEAMUS HEANEY’s POLITICAL POETRY. 2.
immigration (1950?s – 60?s). LECTURE. POLITICAL POETRY influenced by Patrick
60POST-COLONIAL WRITINGS 2. Who were the Ravanagh rooted in Heaney?s Irish Catholic
major representatives of post-colonial origin (Ulster Catholics) criticises
literature? NOVELISTS OF THE 1950?s: bigotry of the Protestant Extremists
Post-Imperialists – predecessors: Rudyard Military Images: Trout, Rookery
Kipling (The Jungle Book), Edward Morgan Collections: Whatever You Say, Say Nothing
Forster (Passage to India) James Gordon North, 1975.
Farrell, Paul Scott 2. Anti- imperialists: 136(Edward James) Ted Hughes. b. 1930 in
Doris Lessing, Nadine Gordimer. the North of England (West Yorkshire);
61Doris Lessing (b. 1919, Persia – Studied at Cambridge; interested in
present-day Iran - ) Childhood spent in folklore, D.H Lawrence, Shakespeare, Dylan
Rhodesia, Africa Exposed to Thomas; Many unusual jobs 1956 – married
contradictions, illusions and pessimism to a U.S. poet Sylvia Plath; founded Arvon
Style: “...English writer without English foundation; died 1984.
tradition“ realism: ambiguous nature of 137Ted Hughes’ style: individual;
African-English co-existence 1979 – middle-English poetry – north-English
psychoanalysis, (The Golden Notebook); dialect; philosophical topics, questions;
“space fiction“ The Grass is Singing, 1950 neo-naturalist; 1st person narrator: „I
Children of Violence African Stories, sit in the top of the world, my eyes
1961. closed“. Topics/Themes: brutality vs.
62Doris Lessing The Grass is Singing, vitality : Symbolism: of Jaguar, Hawk,
1950 Collection of stories: Little Tembi, Fox, Cat, Pike; pigs, apes, parrots Death
No Witchcraft for Sale African English: vs. life: symbolism of animal world, war
Baas, Missus, Boss Boy. European Horror, roughness: - ”silhouette of
rationalism (Cartesian compulsion to think horror“, “enraged jaguar”; “sudden sharp
rationally. African rituals (faith hot stink of fox” Determinism; Exercise of
healing, taboo and code, miracles). VS. power.
63POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: James Gordon 138Controversial poetry of Ted Hughes.
Farrell (b. 1935, Liverpool – 1979) Spent Exercise of power: I kill where I please
a great deal of life abroad: France, North because it is all mine... Nothing has
America Won the Booker Prize in 1973 changed since I began. My eye has
Style: – “Blended English sensitivity and permitted no change. I am going to keep
Indian exoticism” – topics: Hindustan things like this. (Hawk Roosting)
life, trappings of civilisation The Siege Collections of poems: - The Hawk in the
of Krishnapur; 1973 A Girl In the Head The Rain, 1957; - Lupercal, 1960; - Gandette,
Singapore Grip, 1978 The Hill Station, 1977; - Cave Birds, 1978; - Moortown,
1981. Sabres and Dust by Chris Collingwood 1979.
British light cavalry and horsemen of 139Written test. Content: lectures,
Skinners Horse fight Pindarn and Maratha seminars, Look Back in Anger, Lord of the
1826. In 1827 Skinners Regiment was known Flies, dopl?uj?ce texty na sk??ku (see:
as the 1st Regiment of Local Horse and had web page) FORM: multiple choice, gap
just been awarded the Battle Honour filling, essay.
'Bhurtpore' for its part in the reduction 140Sample task 1. 1. Who wrote Dance to
of the fortress at Bharatpur. Skinner the Music of Time? John Osborne Baron Snow
himself being made a companion of the of Leicester Doris Lessing Charles Percy
Order of the Bath. Snow None of these.
64POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: James Gordon 141Sample task 2. 1. What do Allan
Farrell The Siege of Krishnapur; 1973 – Sillitoe, Kingsley Amis and Sid Barstow
depicts 1857 – Sepoy rebellion in India – have in common? They were awarded the
the English struggling for their way of Nobel prize They all use metaphors in the
life The Singapore Grip, 1978. titles of their novels They all use the
65POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: Paul (Mark) setting of Greenland They are working
Scott ( 1920- d. 1978) “brings to India class novelists None of these.
the fractious personality of the 142Task 3 – Essay - Points for: Cultural
Westerner” India – a Lost Paradise, and historical context Correct information
Englishman’s India Raj Quartet: The Towers from the piece (names, setting, plot)
of Silence ; The Day of the Scorpion The Active use of the story to illustrate your
Jewel in the Crown; Staying On. Officer point Independent thinking.
Skinners Horse 1905 by Mark Churms The 143Write a paragraph on the status revolt
Founder's Church of St. James, Dehli, of a female protagonist in LBA The
illustrates its association with this character in LBA who represents the status
famous regiment of Bengal Lancers. rebellion is Alison Redfern, the daughter
66TETRALOGY BY PAUL SCOTT. of an India veteran, colonel Redfern. She
67LEGACY OF POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: was born to a privileged upper class,
CRITICISM OF COLONIALISM AND ITS however, for dubious reasons she decided
PROPAGANDA CRITICISM OF DIRECT AND to marry below her standard. She married a
INDIRECT IMPACT OF COLONIALISM. working class representative, Jim Porter,
pictoresque. romantic. idealised. COLONIAL who in spite of his education could not
VISUAL ARTS: find a proper job and worked in a candy
68LEGACY OF POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: stand. He represents a „typical“ angry
CRITICISM OF COLONIALISM AND ITS young man, product of Butler’s educational
PROPAGANDA CRITICISM OF DIRECT AND law of 1944 which left many overqualified
INDIRECT IMPACT OF COLONIALISM. The young people unemployed. That, of course,
British portrayed as (naturally) superior. made Jim irritated and oversensitive and
COLONIAL VISUAL ARTS: he often relieved his anger on Alison.
69VISUAL ARTS. Painters often showed the Thus Alison, as a representative of the
Indians in subordinate positions. upper class ended up in a depressive
70VISUAL ARTS AND PROPAGANDA. relationship with an upset and conformist
http://posters.nce.buttobi.net/. young man. It is a good question what made
71Rudyard Kipling. White Man's Burden Alison rebell against her own class and
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send parents – was it just a generation gap,
forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your natural teenage protest against
sons to exile To serve your captives' authorities, or more serious reasons? Or
need; To wait in heavy harness, On was it love that brought her to a tiny
fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, attic room? John Osborne did not really
sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. answer the question in the play and let
1865-1936. the spectactor wonder about Alison’s true
72Post-colonial literature reacts to motivation.
myths, half-truths and the autocratic view 144List of Sources Photos and Images:
of the world represented by the colonial Books
literature. http://images.google.sk/imgres?imgurl=http
73POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: PROPAGANDA AND //www.wickedlady.com/tins/images/literatur
CRITICISM OF COLONIALISM IN POST-COLONIAL .jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wickedlady.c
WRITINGS. 1. Direct Criticism: Doris m/tins/literature.html&h=348&w=300
Lessing Nadine Gordimer. Indirect amp;sz=36&hl=sk&start=18&tbnid
criticism: Paul Scott In his novel The qKxvZv6mYZBb_M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=103&
Jewell in the Crown, Scott pays attention mp;prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2Bliterature%26svnu
to the propaganda taught at British %3D10%26hl%3Dsk%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
colonial schools, run by British teachers. www.newtherapist.com/diagnosis12.html
Except for basics of algebra and reading, Farrell, J. G.
teachers often idealised the relationship http://images.google.fr/images?svnum=10&am
bethween India and Great Britain. Britain ;hl=sk&lr=&q=j.+g.+farrell+%2B+wri
was depicted as a “mother“, taking India er&btnG=H%C4%BEada%C5%A5 Greene,
under her protective wing, promoting Graham
education, religion, hygiene and culture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Greene
Indians, on the other hand, were depicted Ishiguro, Kazuo
as willing to offer their country as a http://images.google.fr/images?q=kazuo+ish
gift to their “Mother Country“, Britain. guro&hl=sk&btnG=Vyh%C4%BEad%C3%A1v
In visual arts, many painters also nie+obr%C3%A1zkov Osborne, John
depicted the harmonic relationship and http://images.google.fr/images?q=john+osbo
obedience or submissiveness of the ne&hl=sk&btnG=Vyh%C4%BEad%C3%A1van
Indians. e+obr%C3%A1zkov Postmodernism
74POST-COLONIAL WRITERS: PROPAGANDA AND http://www.colorado.edu/English/courses/EN
CRITICISM OF COLONIALISM IN POST-COLONIAL L2012Klages/pomo.html Rushdie, Salman
WRITINGS. 1. Direct Criticism: Doris http://images.google.fr/images?q=salman+ru
Lessing Nadine Gordimer. Indirect hdie&hl=sk&btnG=Vyh%C4%BEad%C3%A1v
criticism: Paul Scott In his novel The nie+obr%C3%A1zkov Sillitoe, Allan
Jewell in the Crown, Scott pays attention http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http
to the propaganda taught at British //www.open2.net/open2static/source/file/ro
colonial schools, run by British teachers. t/45/58/188077/allan_sillitoe.jpg&imgr
Except for basics of algebra and reading, furl=http://www.open2.net/castandcrew/snsm
teachers often idealised the relationship html&h=134&w=134&sz=30&hl=
bethween India and Great Britain. Britain k&start=4&tbnid=TBt2TYSuNpOLaM:&am
was depicted as a “mother“, taking India ;tbnh=92&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%
under her protective wing, promoting Dallan%2Bsillitoe%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsk%2
education, religion, hygiene and culture. lr%3D%26sa%3DG. Web-pages:
Indians, on the other hand, were depicted 145Postcolonialism
as willing to offer their country as a http://www.britishempire.co.uk/art/artande
gift to their “Mother Country“, Britain. pire.htm super str?nka na kol umenie
In visual arts, many painters also Postmodernism
depicted the harmonic relationship and http://images.google.sk/imgres?imgurl=http
obedience or submissiveness of the //home.nc.rr.com/donaldwood/Society-BG.gif
Indians. amp;imgrefurl=http://home.nc.rr.com/donald
75Salman Rushdie “Novels are not to lay ood/Page%252010.htm&h=200&w=253&am
down rules but to ask questions.“ b. in ;sz=5&hl=sk&start=322&tbnid=aw
Bombay, India to a prosperous family b. in Cbk-iHKJ5bM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=111&
1947, the year of political changes in rev=/images%3Fq%3D%2Bpostmodernism%26start
India Moved to England Received M.A. from 3D306%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsk%2
King?s College, Cambridge Worked as an lr%3D%26sa%3DN. READING COUPLE – IMAGE
actor, free-lance advertising copy-writer http://images.google.sk/imgres?imgurl=http
1989 - “FATWA” - Condemned by Ayatollah //www.americanplacetheatre.org/stage/image
Khomeni to death. POSTCOLONIAL AND /stories/illustrations_icons/performances.
POSTIMPERIAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH. if&imgrefurl=http://www.americanplacet
76FATWA – SENTENCE TO DEATH. I inform eatre.org/stage/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_c
all zealous Muslims of the world that the ntent%26task%3Dsection%26id%3D7%26Itemid%3
author of the book entitled The Satanic 35&h=128&w=150&sz=3&hl=sk&
Verses— which has been compiled, printed mp;start=247&tbnid=7ZN3fPfAAUBvbM:&
and published in opposition to Islam, the tbnh=82&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3
Prophet, and the Qur'an— and all those icons%2B%252B%2Bliterature%26start%3D234%2
involved in its publication who were aware ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsk%26lr%3D%2
of its content, are sentenced to death. I sa%3DN.
call on all zealous Muslims to execute 146Introduction – quick and easy. Think
them quickly, wherever they may be found, of the play you liked (e.g. Look Back in
so that no one else will dare to insult Anger). Decide what was it?s theme: (e.g.
the Muslim sanctities. God Willing, social and historical changes can lead to
whoever is killed on this path is a personal tragedies and crises). Write your
martyr. thesis statement: John Osborne in his play
77EFFECTS OF THE SATANIC VERSES. Look Back in Anger demonstrates how social
Japanese translator Hitosh Igorashi and historical changes can lead to many
stabbed to death Italian translator Ettore personal tragedies and crises. Expand your
Capriolo – seriously injured Norweigan thesis:John Osborne, a British playwright
translator William Nygaard hardly survived and an Angry young man in his 3-act play
assassination attack. Look Back in Anger demonstrates how social
78Salman Rushdie’s Style: Influenced by and historical changes can lead to
J. Joyce Combines fantasy and magic Uses disastrous personal tragedies and crises.
satire Attacks religious bigotry 147Write the first and second sentence of
Criticism: Incoherent melange of plots, your introduction: People who read in
themes, characters. books of history about historical,
79The Satanic Verses – issues: Ispired political and social turmoils tend to
by the life of Muhammad Attempts to be the forget how these great changes influenced
“false part of Qur’an“ Uses MAGIC REALISM day-to-day lives of individuals. For
(characters of angels, demons, example, everybody remembers how the Nazis
hybrids...). seized Italy but few understand that they
80Main characters: Indian expatriates in were the first and the last ones in
England. PLANE CRASH. SALADIN CHAMCHA history that made the Italian traffic run
Voice-over in Indian films. GIBREEL on time. Another example is the American
FARISHTA Bollywood star. ARCHANGEL GIBREEL space program that gave us not only te
schizophrenia. DEVIL. Falls into first man on the moon but also aluminium
hallucinations. Understands his Indian folio or the frying pan. John Osborne, a
identity. British playwright and an angry young man
81Theme of The Satanic Verses: in his play Look Back in Anger (1956) also
...“migration, metamorphosis, divided demonstrates how social and historical
selves, love, death, London and Bombay.„ changes, namely the Butler?s educational
Other concepts: faith BLASPHEMOUS act in 1944 lead to many personal
fanaticism revelation justifying God’s tragedies and crises and how his main
existence. protagonist Jim Porter struggles with
82Rushdie writes of the title of Satanic personal and emotional paralysis.
Verses: You call us devils? It seems to 148WARNING. Any non-academic behaviour
ask. Very well, then, here is the devil's during the test will affect your grade.
version of the world, of "your" Talking to another student - 5 point
world, the version written from the penalty Use of cheat-sheets, cell phones,
experience of those who have been more talking to other students – test
demonized by virtue of their otherness. confiscated, F grade Lost test – minus 10
Just as the Asian kids in the novel wear points.
toy devil-horns proudly, as an assertion
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