Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security |
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Ïðåçåíòàöèÿ: «Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security». Àâòîð: Glen Cooper. Ôàéë: «Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security.ppt». Ðàçìåð zip-àðõèâà: 893 ÊÁ.
Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security
ñîäåðæàíèå ïðåçåíòàöèè «Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security.ppt»| ¹ | Ñëàéä | Òåêñò |
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Lessons Learned from the Circle of SecurityNeil W. Boris, M.D. Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Institute for Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health www.infantinstitute.org nboris@tulane.edu |
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Exploration with ColleaguesGlen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, and Bert Powell Center for Creative Intervention, Spokane, WA Bob Marvin and Bill Whelan Mary D. Ainsworth Child-Parent Attachment Clinic, Charlottesville, VA www.circleofsecurity.org |
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AcknowledgementsMy colleagues at Tulane especially those at the Tulane Institute for Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health…visit us at www.infantinstitute.org |
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Exploration with Drug-Abusing MothersA debt of gratitude to Veronica and the brave mothers who have come into treatment Perhaps the greatest gift is agreeing to share one’s life story and struggles with others… |
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The Circle of Security is a Story of…Passion and friendship Technology as a tool for connection Leveraging science and creativity to improve clinical practice Finally, an answer to how we can seamlessly link careful assessment to intensive intervention! |
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The Circle Team set out to create an intervention:That is consistent with attachment theory and research That focuses on the caregiver as the partner in the dyad with the greater degrees of freedom for initiating change That focuses on both the caregiver’s Internal Working Models of self and child and on his/her caregiving behavior That can be used as either group or individual therapy models |
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Components of Infant-Parent RelationshipIBParent RParent RBaby IBBaby What you hear What you see Developing Attachment System Adapted from Bruschweiler –Stern and Stern, 1989 |
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What set attachment apart from other developmental theoriesLinked to natural selection as driving force: Protection of young = protection of genes Based theory on observations; de-emphasized the role of “meeting oral needs” Ethology and Harry Harlow’s monkeys The concept of “imprinting” as a cross-species phenomenon |
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Definition of AttachmentInborn system— “feedback loop” Operative throughout life External goal in infancy is to balance exploration and proximity to caregiver (“the secure base”) Internal goal to achieve sense of “felt security” |
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Circle of Security Parent Attending to the Child’s Needs© Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin and Powell, 2000 I need you to I need you to Watch over me Help me Enjoy with me Delight in me Support My Exploration I need you to I need you to Welcome My Coming To You Protect me Comfort me Delight in me Organize my feelings |
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Experience in Relationships…As our brain has evolved in complexity our dependence at birth on caregivers has increased. Each of us, as caregivers, have “working models” in our minds--expectations and emotions about relationships derived from experience. |
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Attachment-- The “Internal Working Model”Story of the Relationship |
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Attachment-- The “Internal Working Model”Relationship template (‘structure of the mind’) Formed by experience (influenced by temperament genes?) Accessible in adults by interview Predicts later patterns of behavior in relationships (stable though malleable) |
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Neural PlasticityEXPERIENCE MOLDS THE BRAIN (and vice versa) Peck, S. D. (2003) Measuring sensitivity moment-by-moment: A microanalytic look at the transmission of attachment. Attachment and Human Development, 5, 38-63. Schore, 1999 |
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Why All The FussSelection of neuronal pathways Emotions—development and regulation Shaping of Internal Working Models/Representations |
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Basics of COS ProtocolPre-intervention videotaped, structured assessment to inform treatment goals Group-based parent education and psychotherapy lasting ~20-weeks using videotaped intervention Goals of video review are to: increase sensitivity to the child’s cues increase self-other reflective capacity explore new representations and interaction patterns |
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AssessmentStrange Situation Procedure Augmented with a cleanup of toys, a reading session and blowing bubbles! Narrative Interview-Circle of Security Interview Parent perception about their child’s needs, their relationship with the child and childhood relationship with their own caregivers Other narrative interviews (e.g., the Working Model of the Child Interview, Insightfulness Assessment) are equally useful |
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Platforms for COS Intervention-ISusan McDonough’s Interaction Guidance One of the earliest parent-infant therapies that used videotape to build relationship Therapy focused relentlessly on positive moments of connection in order to engage caregivers |
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Platforms for COS Intervention-IIAttachment Research Both study of interactive behavior using the Strange Situation Procedure, and… Study of the importance of representations in shaping parental behavior, and… Study of the importance of reflective capacity in reshaping representations. |
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Platforms for COS Intervention-IIIParent-Child Psychotherapy, for which goals include: Gaining an understanding of how parents experiences are impacting perceptions, feelings, and behaviors toward infant Changes are sought at 3 levels: representation of the child representation of the self as parent representation of the self as adult individual |
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Leveraging Group ProcessInsights of peers can be incredibly helpful Distancing from the “expert” (who may not be trusted) Sense of shared challenge in parenting is a huge benefit Welcome to the Club Seeing the struggles (and successes) of others is highly motivating and can also externalize painful patterns so that they can be ‘seen’ |
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Welcome to the ClubBeing a parent may just be the most difficult job on the planet. Everyday, parents – the world over – want the best for their children. And everyday, parents – the world over – fail to meet some of the needs of their children. “Help me” moments go unseen. “Watch over me” moments get interrupted. “Comfort me” and “Organize my feelings” moments end up being pushed away, or lost in the rush and stress of everyday life. Welcome to the club. Of course, it’s hard to know that we make mistakes. The good news is that as parents, we all have an inner wisdom that helps us work with these mistakes. Excerpt from a reading that is part of the group |
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Let’s Meet VeronicaWoman in her late 30’s; mother of 5 children, 4 of whom are in custody of the State 15-month old named Dalton is with her in a residential treatment program Participates in a weekly open-ended Circle of Security group which is held on site at the treatment program 3 year history of cocaine dependence, major depression and chronic pain COSI |
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Veronica’s Representational WorldConfident and Worthy He needs me and will signal me I can read his signals and respond Old Working Model New Working Model |
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What About Interactive BehaviorVeronica will need to see how her wish to have her son “fill her void” is influencing her behavior She is very intrusive He is very avoidant She experiences his avoidance as not “needing her” and, with the weight of having lost her other children, pushes harder for connection R2 Clip |
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I NEED YOU TO WELCOME MY COMING TO YOU BUT…ACTING LIKE I NEED TO EXPLORE OR BE DISTANT I MISCUE YOU ABOUT MY NEED BY... |
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First Things FirstEstablish a “Holding Environment” for the Parent Provide Parent a User-friendly Map of Secure Parent-Child Interaction………. |
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Technology as a Tool for ConnectionCurrent editing software allow for extremely creative approaches to engagement Adobe Premiere Elements is available at reasonable cost with incredible ease-of-use even for non-geeks like me! Beauty Tape! |
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COS Protocol SequenceEstablish a “Holding Environment” for the Parent Provide Parent a User-friendly Map of Secure Parent-Child Interaction………. |
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Circle of Security Parent Attending to the Child’s Needs© Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin and Powell, 2000 I need you to I need you to Watch over me Help me Enjoy with me Delight in me Support My Exploration I need you to I need you to Welcome My Coming To You Protect me Comfort me Delight in me Organize my feelings |
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COS Protocol SequenceEstablish a “Holding Environment” for the Parent Provide Parent a User-friendly Map of Secure Parent-Child Interaction --Then, through video review of her child and herself— Develop the Parent’s Observational Skills Increase Parental Reflective Functioning Facilitate an Empathic Shift in the Parent Toward the Child |
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Specific Goals of the Videotape ReviewsTo enhance the parents’ feeling of being understood, valued and supported while reducing their anxiety regarding criticism and humiliation To engage the parents in reflective dialogue (“Reflective Capacity”) To increase the parents’ ability to have empathy for their children even when their children’s needs make the parent uncomfortable To help the parents develop a sense of themselves as successful in responding to their children’s needs |
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Support and Reflect with VeronicaNeed to help Veronica see that her need to make up for losing her other kids by pushing Dalton to “bond” is not going to work Can she understand the link between intrusiveness and avoidance? Can she tone down the pressure she feels and respond to his cues not her own fear? Can she understand what it has been like for him to live through her depression and drug abuse? |
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Going DeeperThere are moments in our interactions with others during which the needs of the other set off a reaction Perhaps fear, withdrawal, dread, anger etc These moments are EXPLICITLY recognized using the theme song from the Movie “Jaws” Parents learn half-way through the group about “shark music”—the idea that each of us has moments in which we hear the Jaws theme |
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Behavior and Emotion Regulation Across DevelopmentTrauma May Impair Both Mutual and Self-Regulation Mutual regulation: Regulated with the help of the caregiver Self- regulation of behavior and emotions |
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Shark MusicThis concept becomes a central focus of the Tape Review for each parent Moments of struggle, of missed opportunity are reviewed and the parent is asked to think about their response and why it occurred. These are key moments in the reflective dialogue and it is here that the “empathic shift” is sought Tape Review 2 |
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Circle of Limited Security Child Anxious about the Parent’s NeedsSAFE HAVEN SECURE BASE I NEED YOU TO WELCOME MY COMING TO YOU BUT… THAT MAKES US UNCOMFORTABLE SO... ACTING LIKE I NEED TO EXPLORE OR BE DISTANT I MISCUE YOU ABOUT MY NEED BY... |
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Circle of Limited Security Child Anxious about the Parent’s NeedsSAFE HAVEN SECURE BASE STEPPING OFF THE CIRCLE….. I NEED YOU TO WELCOME MY COMING TO YOU BUT… ACTING DISTANT OR LIKE I NEED TO EXPLORE I MISCUE YOU ABOUT MY NEED BY... |
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Celebrating ChangeGoal is to highlight shifts in behavior and to create a “living memory” of progress One effective method is a music video of key moments… F/U reunion and Song |
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Attachment-Based TherapyThe Circle of Security model not only provides a roadmap of attachment that parents can understand and relate to…. The model ALSO supports the therapist by providing a protocol to follow The use of video ‘externalizes’ the struggles and allows the therapist to face the caregiver’s struggles with them |
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Applications of the COS-IOpen-ended groups Well-suited to certain situations including substance-abuse programs Requires more of the therapist in that there is constant “catching up” of new group members and need for recreating the holding environment serially |
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Applications of the COS-IIModel being used in individual or couples’ therapy Allows for wider latitude to explore related themes Ability to focus on issues like abdication of hands on the circle and role reversal Loses the “punch” of group input Can add in parenting partners more easily than with groups |
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Applications of the COS-IIIFocus on different child age groups Infants using the Still Face procedure as key to interactive assessment School-aged children using Story Stems as key to interactive assessment Adolescents using “Relational Play” procedures or shared narratives |
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CIRCLE OF SECURITYMonitor me (texting!) · Support My Delight in me · Exploration See cues for help but ask before helping · Enjoy with me · Welcome My Coming To You Always: be BIGGER, STRONGER, WISER, and KIND. Whenever possible: follow my child’s need. Whenever necessary: take charge. PARENT ATTENDING TO THE CHILD’S NEEDS I need you to... I need you to... © 2000 Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin & Powell |
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Bibliography on The Circle of Securitynboris@tulane.edu www.circleofsecurity.org Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., Powell, B. and Marvin, R. (2005) The Circle of Security intervention: Differential diagnosis and differential treatment. In Berlin, L.J., Ziv, Y., Amaya-Jackson, L. M., & Greenberg, M. T. (eds.) Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy. New York: Guilford Press. Marvin, R., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., and Powell, B. (2002) The Circle of Security project: Attachment based therapy with caregiver-pre-school child dyads. Attachment & Human Development 4(1):107–124 |
| «Lessons Learned from the Circle of Security» | ||
